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1921
July-December

ARCHAEOLOGICAL NEWS 1

NOTES ON RECENT EXCAVATIONS AND
DISCOVERIES; OTHER NEWS

Sidney N, Deane, Editor
Smith College, Northampton, Mass.

GENERAL AND MISCELLANEOUS

AN EPIGRAPHIC BULLETIN.— In R. St. Gr. XXXIII, 1920, pp. 403-432,
P. Roussel gives a classified list of books and periodical articles relating to
Greek epigraphy which have appeared in the years 1917-1919, together with
brief indications of their contents.

THE ARCHAEOLOGY OF WESTERN ASIA.— In Exp. Times, XXXIII,
1921, pp. 37-39, A. H. Sayce discusses the latest Babylonian, Hittite, Pal-
estinian, and Egyptian discoveries that bear upon the interpretation of the
Old Testament.

CONSTANTINOPLE.— Two Inscriptions.— Two inscriptions in Constan-
tinople are published by K. Lehmann in Ath. Mitt. XLII, 1917, pp. 185-190
(fig.) ; one an apparently Ephebic list of about 250 names, of late Hellenistic
date, and possibly from Cyzicus, and the other from a Christian tombstone.

CYPRUS.— Archaic Sculptures.— In Ath. Mitt. XL, 1915, pp. 53-70 (4 pis.;
10 figs.), M. Ohnefalsch-Richter publishes five archaic sculptures from Fran-
gissa in Cyprus, now in the British Museum. Of these three, a foiir-horse
chariot group and two bearded heads, are of terra-cotta, and are of local work-
manship, influenced by both Greek and Phoenician art. The other two are
beardless heads of limestone, sex uncertain.

EMMONA— Excavations in 1016.— In Jh. Oest. Arch. I. XIX-XX, 1919,
Beiblatt, cols. 155-164 (4 figs.), W. Schmid describes the excavations at Em-
mona in 1916 and gives plans of the streets and buildings.

NECROLOGY.— Geoffroy d'Ault-Dumesnil — The vice-president of the
prehistoric section of the Association pour l'enseignement des sciences anthro-
pologiques, Geoffroy d'Ault-Dumesnil, died at Paris, March 11, 1921, at the
age of 78 years. His explorations, especially of the megalithic monuments of
Brittany, and his collections of the lesser remains of prehistoric times, as well

1 The departments of Archaeological News and Discussions and of Bibliography of Archae-
ological Books are conducted by Professor Deane, Editor-in-charge, assisted by Professor Sam-
uel E. Bassett, Professor C. N. Brown, Miss Mary H. Buckingham, Dr. T. A. Buenger,
Professor Harold N. Fowler, Professor Harold R. Hastings, Professor Elmer T. Merrill,
Professor Lewis B. Paton, Professor A. S. Pease, Professor John C. Rolfe, Dr. John Shapley,
Professor A. L. Wheeler and the Editors, especially Professor Bates.

No attempt is made to include in this number of the Journal material published after
December 31, 1921.

For an explanation of the abbreviations, see pp. 129-130.

89

90 AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ARCHAEOLOGY [Vol. XXVI, 1922

as the extent and sureness of his knowledge, were well-known and appreciated.
Unfortunately he published almost nothing. (S. R., R. Arch. XIII, 1921, p.
153.)

Alfred Cartier. — Alfred Cartier, a scholar whose chief, but by no means sole
interest was in prehistoric archaeology and the history of art, was born August
30, 1854, at Geneva where he died June 8, 1921. A very appreciative notice of
his life and work, with a bibliography, is published by S. Reinach, R. Arch. y
fifth series, XIV, 1921, pp. 179-181.

E. Bormann. — Eugen Bormann died March 4, 1917. He was born October
6, 1842, and succeeded Hirschfeld at Vienna in 1885. As a pupil of Mommsen
he was especially interested in Latin inscriptions and devoted many years to>
the eleventh volume of the C. I. L. (Jh. Oest. Arch. I. XIX-XX, 1919, Beiblatt,
cols. 347-350.)

Max Dvorak. — Max Dvorak, a pupil of Wickhoff and Professor of the
History of Art at the University of Vienna, died at Vienna, February 8, 1921, at
the age of 47 years. His best-known work, on the riddle of the art of the broth-
ers Van Eyck, appeared in the Jahrbuch of the Austrian museums. He pub-
lished also a monograph on the Palazzo Venezia and was editor of the Jahrbuch
of the Zentral-commission for the study of monuments and of the short-lived
Kunstgeschichtliche Anzeigen. (S. R., R. Arch. XIII, 1921, p. 152.)

Robert de Lastegrie.— In R. Arch., fifth series, XIII, 1921, pp. 147-150,
Salomon Reinach contributes a notice of Robert de Lastegrie, who was for
many years generally considered the chief of French mediaevalists. He was
born at Paris, November 15, 1849, and died at the chateau du Saillant (Correge)
January 29, 1921 . He was not a very prolific writer, but his works are solid and
valuable. Perhaps the most important among them is L' architecture religieuse
en France (Vol. I, Epoque romane, 1912), in which he maintains the derivation of
Romanesque from Roman architecture.

Jules Nicole. — The foremost Swiss Hellenist, Jules Nicole, was born at
Geneva in 1842 and died in the same city April 14, 1921. His most important
single publication is that of the Geneva papyri (Vol. I, 1896) ; in one of these he
embodied new evidence relating to the trial of Phidias (J. Nicole, Le proces de
Phidias, Geneva, 1910). (S. R., R. Arch., fifth series, XIV, 1921, p. 182.)

Joseph Offord. — Joseph Offord, hardly a professional archaeologist, but
nevertheless author of numerous notes and articles on Egyptian, Syrian, and
even Greek archaeology, died in London, January 31, 1920, at the age of 68
years. (S. R., R. Arch., fifth series, XIII, 1921, p. 152.)

W. R. Paton. — The eminent Hellenist, W. R. Paton, died at Samos, April
21, 1921, at the age of 63 years. He was of Scotch origin and studied at Ox-
ford. He married a native of Samos and settled at Vathy on that island.
His earliest important work was the Inscriptions of Cos (1891, in collaboration
with Hicks), his latest the edition and translation of the Greek Anthology (1916-
1918, Loeb Classical Library). (S. R., R. Arch., fifth series, XIV, 1921, p. 182.)

Samuel Ball Platner. — Samuel Ball Platner was born at Unionville, Con-
necticut, December 4, 1864. He was graduated from Yale College in 1883 and
received the degree of Ph.D. from Yale after two years of study, in 1885. In
the autumn of that year he became instructor in Latin and French in Adelbert
College of Western Reserve University, at Cleveland, Ohio. He was made
Assistant Professor of Latin in 1890, Professor of Latin in 1892. He was

misc.] ARCHAEOLOGICAL NEWS, 1921 91

Secretary of the Managing Committee of the American School of Classical
Studies in Rome, 1897-1911, Annual Professor in that school, 1899-1900,
President of the American Philological Association, 1900-1901. He was a
member of the Archaeological Institute for more than twenty-five years and
for several years was a member of the Council. His published writings, apart
from brief articles and reviews, were few. The most important is his Topog-
raphy and Monuments of Ancient Rome (1904, 2nd ed., 1911), an admirable and
very trustworthy book. A Dictionary of Roman Topography, begun in collabo-
ration with Mr. Thomas Ashby of the British School at Rome, is to be com-
pleted by Mr. Ashby. It was in order to finish this work that Professor Plat'
ner sailed for Europe in August, 1921.* He died suddenly at sea, August 20,
of heart failure. No man was ever of a more lovable disposition.
Quis desiderio sit pudor aut modus

Tarn cari capitis? H. N. F.

Andre de Ridder.— The death of Andre de Ridder, May 12, 1921, took
from the Louvre another of the distinguished members of its staff. He passed
from the Ecole Normale to the Ecole d'Athenes, and at Athens he prepared the
catalogues of the bronzes of the Archaeological Society and of those found on
the Acropolis (1891 and 1896). The best known among his other works are
the Catalogue des vases peints de la Bibliotheque national, the Catalogue de la col-
lection de Clerq (1904-1911), and the catalogue of the bronzes in the Louvre.
(Etienne Michon, R. Arch., fifth series, XIV, 1921, pp. 182-184.)

NORTHERN DALMATIA.— Various Discoveries.— In Jh. Oest. Arch. I.
XVIII, 1915, Beiblatt, cols. 175-188 (10 figs.), A. Colnago gives the results of
his excavations in Northern Dalmatia. At Maslenica two graves containing
coins of Constantine I and II were opened. At Krupa parts of the town wall
were examined and one of the gates apparently located. The contents of four
of the graves found at Starigrad (Argyruntum) in 1913 are described. Further
investigations of the Roman roads in Northern Dalmatia were made. Small
objects from Medvigje and Ervenik and Latin inscriptions from the necropolis
at Cyijina Gradina are published.

SOFIA.— Small Reliefs.— In Jh. Oest. Arch. I. XIX-XX, 1919, Beiblatt,
cols. 43-50 (7 figs.), G. Kazarow publishes seven small reliefs, all but one
fragmentary, found in Bulgaria. Six are in Sofia and one in the gymnasium
at Rasgrad. Two represent the Thracian horseman, one Dionysus, and two
Mithra.

SOUTHERN ISTRIA.— Ancient Villas.— In Jh. Oest. Arch. I. XVIII, 1915,
Beiblatt, cols. 99-164 (41 figs.), A. Gnirs describes in detail the remains of the
elaborate villa excavated by him on the south bank of the Val Catena, on the
island of Brioni Grande, and publishes a sketch of a restoration. He also
gives an account of various ruins on the north bank and describes the remains
of the Roman villa on the bay of Olmo Grande, Southern Istria.

THRACE.— The Necropolis of Elaeus.— In C. R. Acad. Insc. 1921, pp.
130-136, C. Picard reports that the excavations begun in the necropolis of
Elaeus in Gallipoli in 1915 (see ibid. 1916, pp. 40-47; A.J.A. XXI, 1917, p.
93) were resumed in 1920 and have resulted in the discovery of 28 graves.
The fact that most of these burials were in pithoi indicates that the part of the
cemetery recently excavated is older than the earlier excavated portion, which
contained some sarcophagi. This inference is confirmed by the character of the

92 AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ARCHAEOLOGY [Vol. XXVI, 1922

pottery found in the graves. The few figured vases found were of the black
figured style, indicating that this part of the necropolis dates from the late sixth
and the early fifth centuries B.C.

EGYPT

THIRTY YEARS' PROGRESS IN EGYPTOLOGY.— In Exp. Times,
XXXIII, 1921, pp. 110-114, W. E. Petrie gives a survey of the recent dis-
coveries in Egypt and of the progress that has been made in tracing the history
of civilization in that country.

THE EGYPTIAN EXPEDITION OF THE METROPOLITAN MUSEUM.
— A special number of B. Metr. Mus., supplementary to that of November,
1921, is devoted to reports on the activities of the Egyptian Expedition of the
Metropolitan Museum in 1920-1921. A prefatory note by A. M. Lythgoe
(pp. 3-4) is followed by an account of the excavations at Lisht, by A. C.
Mace (pp. 5-19; 21 figs.). Here the investigation of the pyramid of Amenem-
hat I was resumed after an interval of six years. On its western side the house
walls of a settlement of much later date than the pyramid were first studied
and removed. Numerous small objects illustrating the daily life of Egyptian
villagers were found. In the brick silos of this date some glazed amulets were
discovered which indicated that the period of the village was not later than
Dynasty XXII. On the XHth Dynasty level a conspicuous monument is a
large mastaba of white limestone, with a solid core of bed rock. It was planned
as a part of the pyramid buildings, and was probably intended for the burial
of a relative of the king; not, however, the queen, since the reliefs discovered
indicate that the person commemorated was a man. Some of the foundation
stones were reused stones of the Old Kingdom. North of the mastaba, in a
corridor 14 m. wide between the inner enclosure of the pyramid and a brick
retaining wall was a double row of burial pits which were no doubt the tombs
of the princesses. All had been thoroughly plundered in ancient times. A
part of the base of the pyramid was uncovered. Quarriers had not left a single
casing-stone. The most interesting find of the season's work was a foundation
deposit, in which were rough bricks containing plaques with the name of the
king and of the pyramid. The latter was Isut-khau. It had been supposed
that the name of the pyramid was Kanefer, but perhaps this is to be recog-
nized as the name of the district. N. de G. Davies describes the work of the
Museum for the Tytus Memorial Fund in the study and copying of the paint-
ings in the tomb of Neferhotep at Thebes (pp. 19-28; 11 figs.). Excavations
in the Theban necropolis are the subject of an article by H. E. Winlock (pp.
29-53 ; 30 figs.) . In the regions south of Deir el Bahri some unfinished tombs of
the Xlth dynasty were discovered. The platform near which these tombs are
grouped was cleared and it was proved that the tomb discovered by Mond,
though less monumental than might have been expected, and outside the tem-
ple axis, is the royal tomb, probably that of the last king of this line. The
most important discovery was made in the Xlth Dynasty temple originally
excavated by Naville at Deir el Bahri. The shrines in the ambulatory about
the pyramid, according to Mr. Winlock's theory, were earlier than the temple
itself, and the king Mentuhotep with whom they were associated therefore
earlier than the Mentuhotep who built the temple. Mr. Winlock's chronology
was strikingly confirmed by his discovery of two tombs in positions related

Egypt] ARCHAEOLOGICAL NEWS, 1921 93

to the two northernmost shrines, but outside the hypostyle hall beneath which
other tombs of this series were discovered. One contained the sarcophagus
of the queen Aashai't. The sarcophagus is a fine example of Middle Kingdom
sculpture. The coffin contained the mummy of a young woman, accompanied
by traces of her ornaments. Many folded sheets of linen were laid over the
mummy. The other contained the remains of an infant princess named Mait,
encased in a coffin and sarcophagus far too large for the child. This tomb,
though it had been entered, had not been plundered, and the wrappings of
the mummy contained five necklaces of gold, silver, and precious stones. H.
G. Evelyn White (pp. 54-62; 11 figs.) describes researches in the monasteries
of Wady *n Natrun. Architectural photographs were made, and some valuable
manuscript fragments were discovered.

RECENT EXCAVATIONS OF THE SERVICE DES ANTIQUITES.— In
C. R. Acad. Insc. 1920, pp. 359-366, Pierre Lacau reports on the activities
of the Service des Antiquites de TEgypte in 1919-1920. At Denderah M.
Baraye has completed the excavation of the Mammissi or birth-temple at-
tached to the great temple of Hathor. It dates from the reign of Nectanebo II,
and its decorations relate to the birth of Horus. Near this building are the
remains of one of the most ancient Christian basilicas discovered in Egypt.
At the right of the temple has been found the rectangular basin of an artificial
lake. It is evident that the arrangement of a temple precinct resembled that
of a great private estate. At Achmounein M. Lefebvre has discovered an im-
portant tomb of the Ptolemaic period, constructed by a high priest of Thoth.
The walls are covered with funeral and genre scenes and inscriptions. There
are some novel elements in the scenes depicted, such as the representation of an
elephant; and the style reflects Greek influence. In the burial pit were three
sarcophagi, one of which contained a wooden coffin of mummy shape, remark-
able for an inscription which was executed in small bits of colored glass paste.
Not far from this site was a necropolis of the mummied ibises of the nome.

CAIRO.— An Edict of Hadrian.— In R. EL Gr. XXXIII, 1920, pp. 375-
402, P. Jouget publishes and comments on an edict of Hadrian of which two
papyrus copies are found in the Museum at Cairo. It announces the postpone-
ment of the collection of taxes in certain districts of Egypt in view of the fail-
ure of the usual irrigation from the Nile. It is to be dated 136 a.d.

DEIR-EL-BERSHEH.— The Tomb of Dehuti-Nekht.— In B. Mus. F. A.
XIX, 1921, pp. 43-46 (5 figs.), D. Dunham describes the contents of the rock-
cut tomb of Dehuti Nekht and his wife, excavated at Deir-el-Bersheh by the
Harvard University-Museum of Fine Arts Expedition in 1915. Two remarkable
wooden sarcophagi, each consisting of two cases, the interiors of which show
paintings of numerous figures and objects designed for the service of the souls
within, were found in this tomb, and have now been installed in the Museum
of Fine Arts. Numerous models in wood came from the same tomb, including
many boats.

FARAS.— The Oxford Excavations.— In Ann. Arch. Anth. VIII, 1921, pp.
65-104 (20 pis.), F. Ll. Griffith continues his report on the Oxford excavations
in Nubia (see ibid. VIII, 1921, pp. 1-18, and A.J. A. XXV, 1921, p. 292).
There are few traces of settlement in Nubia in the period of the Old Kingdom.
In the period of the Middle Kingdom the country between the First and Sec-
ond Cataracts was occupied by communities of Reisner's "C-group." The

94 AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ARCHAEOLOGY [Vol. XXVI, 1922

remains indicate that they were a pastoral people. A sub-division of the chro-
nology of this period, based on the types of graves, has been attempted. Re-
mains of Egyptian fortresses show how the authority of Egypt was maintained
in this remote region. Temples are found at some of the great centres. By
the time of Sesostris I the C-group civilization was practically extinct in lower
Nubia. A culture somewhat less dominated by Egypt is represented by the
necropolis of Kerm, above the Third Cataract. With the rise of the Theban
power of the New Kingdom all independent civilization in Nubia was over-
whelmed. The region was governed by an Egyptian viceroy, and imposing
temples were built. None of the temples of Nubia, however, are later than the
time of Rameses II. At Faras the Oxford Expedition has excavated a ceme-
tery of the C-group. The graves are oval pits enclosed by circular superstruc-
tures of rubble with flat roofing slabs. Five stelae of white marble were found
in the cemetery, but it is uncertain whether they were intended to mark graves.
The cemetery had been plundered. Fragments of clothing, most commonly of
leather, were found; and beads in the graves of women and children. The
pottery discovered was not in the graves themselves, but on the old ground
level within the superstructures. Some was of Egyptian wheel-made ware,
some of local handmade. Most of the material in this cemetery is later than
Dynasty XII. Near the proto-dynastic village of Faras are the remains of a
fort of the Middle Kingdom, measuring about 70 m. by 80 m., and built of
mud brick, surrounded by a solid wall 3.3 m. thick. Few objects were found
in it; but mud sealings discovered here showed designs characteristic of the
Middle Kingdom. The most important monuments of the New Kingdom
discovered at Faras are the following: (1) Ruins of a temple of Hathor on an
isolated rock south of the Meroitic enclosure, originally built early in the
New Kingdom period, and later restored in limestone brought from Egypt by
Hatshepsut; (2) a grotto cut in the side of the rock facing the river in the reign
of Rameses II, probably a shrine; (3) a temple of Rameses II, now represented
by a number of sculptures and inscribed blocks in the southwest angle of the
great Faras enclosure; (4) a temple of Thutmosis III, of which only fragments
are preserved, on the west side of the citadel; (5) a great temple of Tutank-
hamun north of the walled town, covering an area 56 m. by 25 m. and consist-
ing of a colonnaded court, hypostyle hall, and sanctuary. Numerous sculptured
blocks of this temple indicate that the building, was dedicated to the king
himself. A fragment of a granite group representing a king of the XVIIIth
Dynasty between Ammon and another god has a long inscription in honor of
the king, who was apparently one of the Akhenaton group, probably Tutank-
hamun.

KOUBANIEH.— The Cemeteries.— In R. Arch., fifth series, XIV, 1921,
pp. 158-163, Edouard Naville gives a brief summary of the results of Dr.
Junker's excavations at Koubanieh, near Assuan (Bericht iiber die Grabungen
der Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien auf den Friedhofen von El-Koubanieh-
Siid (Winter 1910-1911); ibid., El-Koubanieh-Nord (Winter 1910-1911). The
two cemeteries are not of the same date, the southern one being the earlier.
Both are Nubian, rather than Egyptian. Their dates range from Reisner's
period A to his period C. In general Junker's results confirm Reisner's conclu-
sions, but there are details in which they disagree.

Babylonia, Etc.] ARCHAEOLOGICAL NEWS, 1921 95

BABYLONIA AND ASSYRIA

ASSYRIAN CHRONOLOGY.— The excavations of the Deutsche Orient-
Gesellschaft at Assur, the ancient capital of Assyria, have yielded a number
of lists of kings that are of the utmost importance in reconstructing the chronol-
ogy of the kings of Assyria, and incidentally also of the kings of Babylon. This
material has been gathered, translated, and tabulated by E. F. Weidner in
Mitt. Vorderas. Ges. XXVI, 1921, 2, pp. 1-66 (5 pi.). Eleven fragments of
lists of Assyrian kings have been discovered. (1) Two lists give the names of
the kings only in chronological order. (2) Two lists give the names of the kings
with remarks in regard to their family relationship to their predecessors. (3)
One list gives the kings of Assyria and of Babylon in synchronism, arranged
according to the order in which they began to reign. (4) Five lists give the kings
of Assyria and of Babylon in parallel columns of contemporaneous reigns.
(5) One list gives the eponyms for a series of years beginning with Adadnirari
I and continuing down to Ashurbanipal. On the basis of these texts it is now
possible to reconstruct the entire list of Assyrian kings from Puzur-Ashir I
(ca. 2100 b.c.) to Sin-shar-ishkun and the fall of Nineveh in 606 B.C. The
synchronistic lists also throw a flood of light on Babylonian chronology since
they enable us to fill up the gaps in the great Babylonian lists A and B. Weid-
ner now estimates the beginning of the dynasty of Amurru, of which Hammur-
abi was the sixth king, at 2057 b.c. This is a difference of 168 years from the
date 2225 b.c. supposed to have been established astronomically by Kugler and
accepted by E. Meyer and many other Assyriologists. In R. Assyr, XVIII,
1921, pp. 83-94, W. F. Albright subjects Weidner's conclusions to an elabo-
rate criticism, and comes to the conclusion that he has made several mistakes
in his calculations and that the beginning of the dynasty of Amurru is still to
be placed where Kugler has fixed it.

BRITISH MUSEUM EXCAVATIONS IN BABYLONIA.— In Archaeologia,
LXX, 1918-1920, pp. 101-144 (6 pis.; 13 figs.), R. Campbell Thompson
reports on the excavations which he conducted for the British Museum in 1918
on the mound of Abu Shahrain, the site of ancient Eredu. The following are
his principal conclusions. (1) There was not much occupation of the mound
after Sumerian times. This is clear from the lack of later objects, and from the
character of references to Eredu in Assyrian cuneiform texts. (2) The later
Sumerians used the mound as a necropolis. Many Sumerian interments were
found, generally near the surface, and accompanied by pottery of Sumerian
type. The lack of larnax coffins indicates that there was no extensive occupa-
tion of the site in Assyrian times. Records found in the excavations show that
restorations on the site were carried out by Nur-Immer, Bur-Sin, and Ur-
Engur. The buttress of plano-convex bricks discovered by Taylor shows that
the Sumerians built here at an early period. (4) Before the Sumerian occupa-
tion the city of Eredu, like other cities in this region, was inhabited by a pre-
historic race identical with the people found by De Morgan at Susa and Mus-
sian. This people seems to have migrated from the Hindu-Kush. Many
fragments of their pottery, painted with geometric designs in black, were found,
as well as numerous other objects of clay and stone. (4) By the evidence of
mussel-shells it is shown that Eredu was not on the sea, but near the tidal
water of the Euphrates lagoons. In Proc. Soc. Ant. XXXII, 1920, pp. 22-42
(26 figs.), H. R. Hall describes the excavations which he conducted in Meso-

96 AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ARCHAEOLOGY [Vol. XXVI, 1922

potamia for the British Museum in 1919. At Abu Shahrain, continuing Cap-
tain Thompson's excavations, he discovered a quantity of stone implements,
pottery, clay sickles, etc., of the chalcolithic period, and uncovered the remains
of a series of Sumerian houses, the walls of which were built of crude brick and
covered with stucco. A bastion of rough limestone blocks is of interest because
the use of stone is so rare in Babylonia. At ancient Ur (Tell el Mukayyar)
the east face of the temple-tower or ziggurat was cleared to its base; a palace
of the kings Ur-Engur and Dungi of the " First' ' Dynasty of Ur was exca-
vated, and a part of the wall of the temenos of Nannar, with casemates, was
found. Streets and tombs of the late Babylonian city were discovered, and
fragments of portrait statues in dolerite, probably belonging to the time of
the destruction of Ur by the Elamites, 2350 B.C. In the graves were burial
pots and larnaces, with small pottery and other objects. At Tell el Ma'abed
or Tell el'Obeid four miles west of Ur, finds of special interest were made.
Within the walls of a pre-Sargonic building, and under a brick platform built
by one of the later kings of Ur was found a cache of copper and other objects.
Some seem to have been parts of a throne which was supported on the backs of
copper lions. The heads of the lions, which are finely executed, seem to have
been cast. The place of the clay core was taken by bitumen, in order to rein-
force the copper; so the heads exist both in the bitumen cast and in the copper
shell. They had tongues of red jasper, teeth of shell, and eyes of blue stone,
shell, and red jasper. Other heads of animals and birds were found, and it has
been possible to transport some of these to England. The most remarkable
object discovered was a copper relief, about three feet high, representing the
lion-headed eagle, Imgig, the tutelary genius of Lagash, holding two stags by
the tails. This has also been removed to England. An interesting architectural
find was a group of mud pillars ornamented with geometric patterns in mosaic.

SYRIA AND PALESTINE

THIRTY YEARS OF PALESTINE EXPLORATIONS.— In Exp. Times,
XXXIII, 1921, pp. 87-92, R. A. S. Macalister traces the progress of excava-
tion in Palestine during the thirty years that have elapsed since the first work
was begun by W. F. Petrie at the mound of Tell-el-Hesy, the Biblical Lachish,
down to the present excavations that are going on at Askalon.

ASKALON.— Reports of Excavations.— In Pal. Ex. Fund, LIII, 1921, pp.
162-172, J. Garstang and W. J. Phythi an- Adams discuss the results of the
excavations at Askalon up to the time of writing in October. Four archaeo-
logical periods are now clearly recognizable: first, the Canaanite, extending
from about 1400 b.c. to 1100 b.c. Here appear the Mycenaean iron glaze
ware, the base ring jugs, cyma bowls and wish-bone handles that are character-
istic of the Canaanite period in other mounds of Palestine. Near the top of
this period an alabaster fragment of the XlXth dynasty was discovered.
Second, the Philistine period. This presents a homogeneous and unbroken
culture from the end of the XlXth dynasty to the intrusion of new influences
from the West. Third, the Greek period; and fourth, the Roman. The clear
discrimination of the Philistine level from the earlier and the later levels is
expected to do much toward the solution of the problem of the origin and char-
acter of Philistine civilization.

Asia Minor] ARCHAEOLOGICAL NEWS, 1921 97

BETH-SHAN. — The Excavations of 1921. — In the Pennsylvania Gazette,
March 3, 1922, p. 441 there is a report of the excavations carried on for the
University of Pennsylvania by Clarence S. Fisher at Beisan, the ancient Beth-
Shan, or Scythopolis in Palestine. The work was begun in June 1921 and
continued until October. The city was at one time extensive, but the citadel
was comparatively small and at least seven different cities were built upon it.
This first campaign was largely devoted to uncovering the top of the mound
where there were remains of an Arab city. Below it was a Byzantine city with
some large churches elaborately decorated, and below this a Roman city. A
deep trench was also dug to the lowest stratum which was found to date from
about 1700 b. c, i.e. before the Semites entered Palestine. The most important
single object discovered was "a large stela inscribed with hieroglyphic charac-
ters of about the fourteenth century." The line of the old city wall can be
traced on the west and north, and ruins of temples, theatres and public buildings
belonging to the Scythopolis of the classical period arc? to be seen covering an
extensive area. The complete excavation of the site will take many years.

JERUSALEM.— The Temple-Mount.— In Exp. Times, XXXII, 1921, pp.
506-507, A. H. Sayce discusses the Temple in the light of the latest archaeolog-
ical researches, particularly the recently published report of Captain Weill,
La Cite de David (Paris, Geuthner, 1920). Mount Zion was the rocky spur be-
tween the Kidron and the Tyropoeon valleys. The Jebusite fortress was at
the southern end, the Temple-mount was in the middle, and to the north was
Ophel, separated from the Temple-mount by a depression and a cavern con-
taining Canaanite tombs. The name Uru-Salim, or Jerusalem, as it is written
in the Amarna letters, is Babylonian, and this indicates that the town was of
Babylonian origin and dated from the period of Babylonian supremacy in the
west as early as the dynasties of Akkad and of Ur. The double cave under the
Mosque of Omar is a sanctuary of the neolithic age, and the Temple-mount
continued to be a sanctuary of the Babylonian immigrants of the Bronze Age.
In one of the Amarna letters the king says: "The city of the mountain of
Jerusalem, the name of which is the city of Bel-En-Urta (NIN-IB) has re-
volted." This is the origin of the puzzling Yahweh Yireh of Gen. xxii, 14.
Yahweh has displaced the "owner" (Semitic ba'al, Sumerian en) and Yireh is
the etymological equivalent of Urta. In the geographical list of Thutmosis III
Ear-el, "the mount of God," occurs where Jerusalem would be expected, and
this is the origin of Ariel, the name that both Isaiah and Ezekiel apply to tha-
Temple-mount.

ASIA MINOR

BOGHAZKEUL— The Palace of the Chatti.— In Ath. Mitt. XLII, 1917,
pp. 99-170 (25 figs.) V. K. Muller discusses the five structures uncovered at
Boghazkeui in 1906 and the following years, places the type of structure mid-
way between the simplicity of the Mesopotamian and the complexity of the
Cretan palace, and emphasizes the influence of the west and the north, rather
than the east, upon the shape of the palace of the Chatti.

CILICIA— A Journey in 1914.— In Jh. Oest. Arch. I. XVIII, 1915, Beiblatt,
cols. 5-60 (22 figs.), J. Keil and A. Wilhelm give a general report of a journey
made by them in 1914 in Cilicia. Starting from Alaja (the ancient Korakesion)
they visited Anemurion, Aphrodisias, Seleucia on the Calycadmus, Olba

98 AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ARCHAEOLOGY [Vol. XXVI, 1922

Corycus,- Elaiussa-Sebaste, Hierapolis-Kastabala and Anazarba. Various in-
scriptions were found. Full publication will be made later.

EPHESUS.— Excavations in 1913.— In Jh. Oest. Arch. L XVIII, 1915,
Beiblatt, cols. 77-88 (5 figs.), R. Heberdey reports that in 1913 an elaborate
fountain building was uncovered at Ephesus. It stands on a podium with eight
columns in front. Its dimensions are, width 29.20 m., length 37 m. In Chris-
tian times a small chapel was erected within the building. A much injured life
size portrait head was found. Ibid. cols. 279-286, J. Keil objects that the
building was not a fountain, but a sanctuary. He also reports upon his exami-
nation of the " wall of Lysimachus," part of which was built in Byzantine times,
and publishes three late Greek inscriptions.

PHOCAEA — Recent Excavations.— In C. R. Acad. Insc. 1921, pp. 119-
129, F. Sartiaux reports the resumption of researches on the site of Phocaea
(see ibid. 1914, pp. 6-13). In the vicinity of the previous excavations have
been found (1) a number of early Christian tombs; (2) a great mosaic of ele-
gant Hellenistic design, forming part of the pavement of a peristyle surround-
ing an interior court; (3) a sarcophagus containing fragments of Myrina figu-
rines; (4) a stone of palaeolithic form; (5) fragments of a gray pottery, difficult
to date, but recalling Trojan ceramics. Exploration of the promontory of
Phocaea has yielded fragments of pottery dating from the Mycenaean to the
Roman period. A study of the geological history of the promontory shows that
it was originally an island. This fact confirms a tradition preserved by Nicholas
of Damascus (Muller, Fr. Hist. Gr. Ill, p. 53, fr. 387) and identifies the "island"
of Bacchium described by Livy (XXXVII, 21).

SAMOS. — Inscriptions from the Heraeum. — Inscriptions from the Heraeum
of Samos, found by the German excavators up to June, 1914, are published by
M. Schede (Ath. Mitt. XLIV, 1919, pp. 1-46; 2 figs.). They date from the
Athenian conquest in 439 b.c. to Roman times, and are chiefly euergetic de-
crees (cf. Ber. Kunsts. XLI, 1920, pp. 117-131; A.J. A. XXV, 1921, p. 87).

GREECE

ACTIVITIES OF THE FRENCH SCHOOL AT ATHENS.— In C. R. Acad.
Insc. 1921, pp. 35-46, T. Homolle presents a summary report of the activities
of the French School at Athens in the year 1919-1920. One of the students,
M. Demangel, has made a new study of the archaic relief in the Acropolis
Museum, representing a figure entering a chariot. He believes that the person
represented is Artemis, and that the relief is from a building connected with
the cult of Artemis Brauronia on the Acropolis. M. Demangel has made ex-
cavations on the site of the temple of Athena Pronaia at Delphi, showing the
varying extent of her precinct at different periods. In the seventh century there
was a polygonal circuit wall. In the sixth century the precinct was extended
towards the east and south. Fragments of ashlar wall built in the fourth
century to replace polygonal wall also of the fourth century were discovered.
It is proposed to identify the temple of Athena Pronaia as the so-called " temple
of the perjurers/' because near it are the socles of stelae similar to those near
the adjoining two treasuries, to which this name has hitherto been given, and
because an inscription from one such stele was discovered, recording the con-
fiscation of forfeited lands to the profit of the treasury. By trial diggings
jparts of the foundation of a circular building were found near the tholos, indi-

Greece] ARCHAEOLOGICAL NEWS, 1921 99

eating that an earler tholos had existed on this site. M. Renaudin has recog-
nized on a height called Kastraki, near Port Tholon, southwest of Nauplia, an
important prehistoric settlement which he would identify with Asine. He has
also begun the exploration of a Mycenaean necropolis at Scala Skoinochori,
northwest of Argos. A catalogue of the Theran vases in the possession of the
French School*has been prepared by M. Renaudin. He assigns a later date to
the characteristic pottery which has hitherto been attributed to the close of
the Middle Minoan period and the beginning of the Late Minoan. M. Dreyfus
made a journey of archaeological exploration in the region of Pangaeum, and
studied inscriptions at Delphi.

AEGIRA.— Discoveries in 1915.— In Jh. Oest. Arch. I. XIX-XX, 1919,
Beiblatt, cols. 1-42 (25 figs.), O. Walter describes the ancient remains of
Aegira which he explored in 1915. The town wall, which in places is finely pre-
served, can be followed for most of its circuit. Northeast of the acropolis is a
level space, partly supported by terrace walls, upon which are remains of sev-
eral buildings, among them a theatre. Some of the seats and portions of the
stage buildings were visible without excavation. There were two 5iafo> 4 uara.
Northeast of the theatre was a small prostyle temple, identified as the temple
of Zeus. Near the south wall were found a headless statue in armor and a
large bearded head of Zeus (see below) identified as the cult statue by Euclides
mentioned by Pausanias. North of this temple are several small ruined build-
ings. Parts of an aqueduct were noted; also part of the marble torso of a boy,
and an inscription of the fourth century with the name 'Aerroptafos], not
otherwise known.

ATHENS. — The Nike Temple. — Results of more accurate measurements
and of identifications of new blocks of the Nike Temple are given by A. K.
Orlandos in Ath. Mitt. XL, 1915, pp. 27-44 (2 pis.; 11 figs.). (1) Measure-
ments of Ross and Le Bas are corrected for crepis, intercolumniations, paras-
tades and orthostatae. (2) A block of the profiled sub-base of the grating
between columns and antae of the cella shows that the grating was put in when
the temple was built. Originally there was a profiled sill in the middle opening.
(3) The blocks of the cella walls were laid ^op^-qdbv, the successive layers
diminishing in height. (4) The plan of the temple was not rectangular but
trapezoidal, due either to carelessness or to haste. (5) Of the blocks of the
frieze, o should be placed third from the east on the south side, and m and g
third and fourth on the north side. (6) Places are assigned to two new geison
blocks and to one already identified by Stevens. (7) Sima blocks have been
identified; three served as bases for acroteria.

Ostraca from the Ceramicus. — The most important ostraca from the Ger-
man excavations in the Ceramicus, together with others already known, are
published by A. Brueckner in Ath. Mitt. XL, 1915, pp. 1-26 (4 pis.; 10 figs.).
Most of these have to do with the party conflicts of 450-440 B.C., i.e., a contest
between Thucydides, son of Melesias, and Cleidippides, and an attempt to
ostracize Damon, son of Damonides, — both Cleidippides and Damon being
partisans of Pericles. An ostracon marked S^wA^s and another marked
8n/ud)\€€s (i.e., ''he who has lost his 5mos"), belong to the time before Solon,
and indicate early steps in the development of the Cleisthenic ostracism.

ELIS.— Excavations in 1914.— In Jh. Oest. Arch. I. XVIII, 1915, Beiblatt,
cols. 61-76 (5 figs.), O. Walter reports upon the excavations carried on at Elis

100 AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ARCHAEOLOGY [Vol. XXVI, 1922

in 1914. Temple C proves to have been rebuilt in late times. North of it was
a building of sun-dried brick and still farther north a temenos in which vases
and terra-cottas were found; also terra-cotta heads, some of life size, a statuette
of Artemis and an archaic inscription on bronze written boustrophedon.
Further excavations were carried on at the stage buildings of the theatre. To
the northwest some late graves were opened, in one of which was found an oval
gold plate with the figure of Athena armed with shield and spear upon it.

MYCENAE.— The Excavations of the British School.— In The Times Lit-
erary Supplement (London), October 13, 1921, p. 660, A. J. B. Wace reports
on the second season of study and excavation at Myceneae by the British
School in Athens. (For an account of the first campaign, see ibid. June 24,
1920 and August 19, 1920; see. also A J. A. XXV, 1921, pp. 87-88.) In the
region of the Grave Circle the Ramp House proved to be of megaron type; it
dates from the Third Late Helladic period. Walls of the First and Second Late
Helladic periods were discovered below it, and fragments of frescoes with grace-
ful naturalistic designs. At a lower level were remains of the Middle Helladic
age, including some graves, which show that the Grave Circle included only a
part of the cemetery which originally existed on this site. Study of the Lions'
Gate proved that the relief was cut out with the use of the saw and the drill.
The lions' heads may have been of steatite. The gateway was originally
roofed. On the summit of the acropolis the plan of the palace was studied.
There are traces of settlement in the Early Helladic period, and of construction
in the Middle Helladic period. Early in the Late Helladic a palace was built
here, the home of the kings who were buried in the Shaft Graves. Of this
structure only fragments of walls, frescoes, pottery, and miscellaneous debris
remain. The later palace of the Late Helladic period was much more extensive,
including "a large court lighting the rooms and corridors looking on it, two
entrances, a large hall with columns, storerooms, staircases, and at least two
storeys." A feature of striking interest is a great staircase with lobbies and
landings like that of the stairway at Cnossos. New fragments of the stucco
decoration of the great hall were found, fallen face downward on the pavement,
and injured by the fire which destroyed the palace. From the porch of the me-
garon staircases and a lobby led to the domestic apartments. Here was a
stepped tank, covered with red stucco. A magazine containing a number of
inverted jars and much broken pottery was found. Excavations near the car-
riage road, south of the Treasury of Atreus, resulted in the discovery of three
rock-cut tombs. The first contained a single skeleton, some terra-cottas and a
carnelian sealstone showing a man vaulting over a bull. In the second were re-
mains of several burials, many sherds, and some complete vases of the Third
Late Helladic period. It is evident that such tombs were reopened from time
to time for new burials, and that on these occasions objects connected with
earlier burials were swept aside and broken. The largest of the three tombs
has not yet been completely excavated. In the dromos were sixteen skeletons
and a great quantity of pottery fragments. Another cemetery of more rudely
cut tombs was discovered on the north slope of Kalkani hill. This goes back
to the beginning of the Late Helladic age, and has yielded many small objects
of interest, including a necklace of crystal, carnelian, glass, gold, and amber
beads; painted vases, including a fine libation vase, perhaps imported from
Crete; and several beautiful intaglios, two of which show a cow suckling a

Italy] ARCHAEOLOGICAL NEWS, 1921 101

calf, and two the Great Mother holding her snakes, and attended by her lions,
with the symbol of the double axe. Although inhabited early in the Bronze
Age, Mycenae first attained importance in Middle Helladic times (1800-1600
b.c). At the end of this period it was dominated by Cretan culture, and in
the First Late Helladic period it was a city of wealth and power. After the
fall of Cnossus it was the principal centre of Mediterranean civilization (1400-
1100 b.c). The splendor of its buildings, and the technical skill revealed in
their plan and construction show that this culminating period of Mycenaean
power must not be regarded as a degenerate age.

PAROS. — Prehistoric Houses. — The remains of prehistoric houses on or
near the acropolis of Paros are described by O. Rtjbensohn in Ath. Mitt. XLII,
pp. 1-98 (2 pis.; 103 figs.). Both circular and rectangular foundations have
been discovered. The pottery shows a development parallel with that of
Phylakopi and free from Cretan influence to the time of Phylakopi I 3 . Then
there is a break of several centuries during which the site was uninhabited.
But with the late Mycenaean period the vase fragments reappear and the
series is continuous down to the time of Melian ware.

SKOINOCHORL— A Prehistoric Settlement.— In C. R. Acad. Insc. 1921,
pp. 100-106 (4 figs.), C. Picakd reports on M. Renaudin's excavations at Skoi-
nochori in Argolis. His investigations have proved that the site was occupied
in the Helladic age, probably at a period as early as the Early Minoan. A few
handmade sherds were found in the stratum immediately above virgin soil.
In a later stratum were fragments of a local ware imitative of Minyan pottery
dating from Middle Helladic II. At a still higher level were remains of houses
of Late Helladic III (Mycenaean) date. The tombs of the necropolis connected
with the town are approached by a dromos, and are cut in the rock. Their
floors are of rectangular shape. There is no sign of luxury in their furnishings.
One oenochoe found in a tomb is of Helladic shape, but with Minoan ornament.
Most of the pottery is of Mycenaean style, some as late as that found at Tell el-
Amarna. The latest burials seem to have taken place in the late Mycenaean
period (Late Helladic III A) ; but some of the objects from the tombs are as
early as Late Helladic I.

ITALY

ARCHAEOLOGICAL DISCOVERIES IN 1021.— To The Times Literary
Supplement (London), December 15, 1921, p. 842, and December 22, p. 858,
Thomas Ashby contributes his annual report on the progress of archaeological
discovery in Italy. In Rome the destruction of the Palazzo Caffarelli has
brought to light again remains of the temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus.
Nineteen courses of the substructure are preserved, and are to be attributed to
the original temple of the Tarquins. Excavations are being made in the peri-
style southwest of the so-called House of Livia, which is really the house of the
Hortensii purchased by Augustus. The cemetery of Pamphilus has been found
in the Via Salaria. At Porto the hexagonal harbor basin is being cleared. A
temple with three cellae, resembling that of Apollo at Veii, has been found at
Lanuvium (Civita Lavinia). In a group of small buildings excavated at Men-
tana (ancient Nomentum) has been found a portrait head of a Greek, after an
original of the fourth century b.c, and a statuette of the youthful Bacchus, of
Praxitelean type. A bronze statuette of a Roman boy with a top and whip,

102 AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ARCHAEOLOGY [Vol. XXVI, 1922

the first known representation of this subject in sculpture, was discovered near
Mentana. At Bologna the widening of streets has led to the uncovering of a
part of the main Roman street of the town. In excavation in the bed of the
Reno a part of the embankment which led to the Roman bridge over the river
was found. Remains of ancient thermae were discovered at Siena, in excava-
tion for the new railway station. Thermae were also found at Tuscania, in the
construction of a road. In the valley of the Gaggera near Selinus further exca-
vations in the temenos of Demeter Malophoros have brought to light a porch
and an adjacent smaller temenos, in which was a temple of unusual plan with
an arched niche in the back wall. Many terra-cottas were found here; and
another large deposit of votive terra-cottas was found in the west angle of the
larger temenos. Most of these represent female figures. They are of four
principal types: (1) Statuettes in Ionic dress, in the form of alabastra; (2)
figures like the Korai of the Acropolis; (3) squat figures like those found by
Orsi at Camarina and Mesma; (4) figures in the style of the fourth century
B.C. At Syracuse a rock-cut cistern was found in the centre of Ortygia; a rock-
cut Siculan tomb was excavated on Epipolae. A wall defending Euryelus on
the northeast was discovered. The fortifications of the Portella del Fusco
have been studied. Other discoveries at Syracuse include an imperial portrait
head of marble, and a limestone caryatid belonging to the restoration of the
theatre by Hiero II. Tombs of the Hellenistic period were found in the Canalic-
chio necropolis.

ASSARO.— A Bronze Situla.— In Not. Scav. XVII, 1920, pp. 335-336, P.
Orsi reports the discovery of a large number of Hellenistic tombs at the foot
of the hill of Assaro in Sicily. Among the few finds were a handsome bronze
pail (23 cm. high; 33 cm. with the bail raised), supported on three lion's paws.
The bail is formed of two serpents, whose tails are coiled behind the handles
at the side. These handles are decorated with masks of Sileni with pointed ears
and wavy beards, surmounted by two ivy leaves Over these bronze leaves
are two similar leaves in silver plate, one of which covers the leaf below, while
the other does not. The pail represents excellent work of the Hellenistic age.

BRINDISL— Ancient Glass.— In Not. Scav. XVII, 1920, pp. 296-297, G.
Bendinelli reports the discovery of tombs containing glass objects at "Fon-
tana grande," one-half kilometre east of Brindisi.

BUSCEML— A Dedicatory Inscription.— In Not, Scav. XVII, 1920, pp.
327-329, P. Orsi publishes a new Greek inscription from the sacred grottoes
at Buscemi in Sicily (see Not. Scav. 1899, p. 459). The inscription is a dedi-
cation to the Beat HaUes, either the -nymphs or Demeter and Kore, and to "Awa,
an oriental deity; it dates from the Roman imperial period.

CAMARINA.— A Statuette of Athena.— In Not. Scav. XVII, 1920, pp.
329-330, P. Orsi reports the discovery at Camarina of a bronze statuette of
Athena (19 cm. in height). It is cast solid, except for a cavity in the lower
part, and is hence very heavy. The type is that of the grand Attic style of the
fifth century; the model, either the Athena Promachos of Phidias, or more
probably the Myronian type illustrated by the statue at Frankfurt a. M. and
the funeral relief of the Acropolis Museum.

CORNETO-TARQUINIA— Government Excavations.— In Not. Scav.
XVII, 1920, pp. 244^276, G. Cultrera reports on the first excavations made
by the Italian government in the territory of Corneto; previous explorations

Italy] ARCHAEOLOGICAL NEWS, 1921 103

were either private or under the direction of the local authorities. At Madonna
del Pianto two chambered tombs were found. The first belonged to a late pe-
riod and had already been opened. It contained no paintings and yielded only
fragments of pottery and five inscriptions, of which two were Etruscan. The
second, larger and of a better period, contained paintings, which, however, were
badly damaged. This yielded three inscriptions, of which one was Etruscan.
In connection with his report the writer discusses " Questions relative to the
History of Etruscan Painting," finding the division of the Etruscan tombs into
three periods correct, but regarding the date and duration of the periods as
uncertain. He makes a plea for an extensive and systematic exploration of the
necropolis of Tarquinia. He then discusses " Questions relating to the Habita-
tion of ancient Tarquinia." He believes that the arguments against the exist-
ence of an early city on the Piano della Regina are not decisive. He emphasizes
the need of investigation of this point and of an official archaeological institute
at Corneto-Tarquinia.

FLORENCE.— A Statue in the Archaic Style.— In Dedalo, II, 1921, pp.
230-239 (8 figs.), A. Minto publishes a statue in the collection of Count Paolo
Guicciardini, Florence, which has escaped the attention of students because,
no doubt, of its unfortunate, distracting restorations. Only the torso is ancient.
The nearest parallel to the work is to be found in the torso of Sant' Aiessio,
now in the Conservatori. The Sant' Aiessio torso has been justly classed with
the examples of that. series of fragmentary korai from the sanctuary of Delos
and attributed to the younger school of sculptors of Chios. But the Guicci-
ardini torso exhibits a more minute, facile technical skill, and is to be consid-
ered a Roman copy of the time of Augustus.

FORANO.— An Inscribed Lead Pipe.— In Not. Scav. XVII, 1920, pp. 238-
239, R. Bartocini reports the discovery of an inscribed lead pipe evidently
belonging to a large villa, the existence of which was already known. The
inscription read Oran(ius) Craterus. Both names are already known.

FORDOGIANUS, SARDINIA.— An Augustan Inscription.— In Not. Scav.
XVII, 1920, pp. 347-352, A. Taramelli publishes a fragmentary Latin in-
scription of the Augustan period, found near the baths of the "Forum Traiani"
at Fordogianus, Sardinia. It formed part of a dedication to Augustus by the
civitates barbariae and is assigned by Taramelli to the year 19 B.C.

FRASCATL— The Via Tusculana.— In Not Scav. XVII, 1920, p. 293, B.
Pace reports the discovery of remains of the Via Tusculana at Frascati between
the piazza of the railway station, the stairway leading to the Via del Politiano
Tusculano and the last part of the Via Ponzi towards the balconata.

GIRGENTL— A Greek Inscription.— In Not, Scav. XVII, 1920, pp. 338-
339, P. Orsi reports the discovery of a fragmentary Greek inscription at
Girgenti.

GRAMMICHELE.— Vases and Terra-cottas.— In Not. Scav. XVII, 1920,
pp. 336-337, P. Orsi gives a brief preliminary report of discoveries at
Grammichele in Sicily, in the region called Terravecchia. This was the site,
in the sixth century before our era, of a Siculan town (undoubtedly Echetla),
which became Greek in the fifth century. The place has yielded a large num-
ber of vases and some figurines, now in the Museum at Syracuse. Systematic
excavations yielded forty-six tombs, extending in time to the middle of the fifth
century. Among the finds is a large kotylos, on the foot of which is a circular

104 AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ARCHAEOLOGY [Vol. XXVI, 1922

inscription of twenty-seven letters, in which D. Comparetti has read a verse
from the Ephialtes of Phrynicus.

LANUVIUM.— Miscellaneous Antiquities.— In Not. Scav. XVII, 1920, pp.
294-296, A. Galieti reports the discovery of various antiquities, including
brick-stamps and fragmentary inscriptions.

MEGARA HYBLAEA.— Excavations.— In Not. Scav. XVII, 1920, p. 331,
P. Orsi gives a brief account of the excavations of 1917 and 1918 at Megara
Hyblaea, to be followed by full details in the Monumenti Antichi. The founda-
tions discovered nearly forty years ago belonged to a Doric hexastyle peripteral
temple 42.25 by 17.55 m. Under the foundations were found traces of a neo-
lithic village of the type Stentinello-Matrensa. Some fine pottery was found,
including a cup decorated with a large red star of nine rays. This must have
been imported from some region as yet undetermined.

MESSINA.— A Torso of Praxitelean Type.— In Not. Scav. XVII, 1920, pp.
339-340, P. Orsi reports discoveries made in the spring of 1916 during the build-
ing of a new city hall at Messina. They include a fine male torso in marble, a
little over life size (the trunk measures 84 cm.) and of Praxitelean type. An
inscribed base was also found with a Latin inscription of the time of the
Antonines.

MINEO (MENAE).— A Greek Inscription.— In Not. Scav. XVII, 1920, p.
337, P. Orsi reports the discovery of a fragmentary Greek inscription at Mineo
(Menae) in Sicily.

ORIA (LECCE).— Three Tombs.— In Not. Scav. XVII, 1920, pp. 297-302,
G. Bendinelli gives an account of the discovery at Oria (Lecce) of three
ancient tombs, containing a considerable number of vases. Two of these
tombs were found near the road leading from the Porta Lama to the Porta
Piazza; the other in the road running froin Oria southeast to Torre S. Susanna.
Among the vases was one with a decoration similar to the mosaic familiarly
known as "Pliny's doves." Bendinelli assigns the tombs to the third century
before our era.

PALAZZOLO ACREIDE.— A Fourth Century Relief.— In Not. Scav. XVII,
1920, pp. 332-333, P. Orsi publishes a high relief in fine calcareous stone,
designed to decorate a large niche. It was found by peasants a little less than
a kilometre from the acropolis of Palazzolo Acreide (Acrae) in Sicily. The
workmanship is fine, probably of the fourth century. The upper part is badly
damaged: there remain the greater part of a draped woman and of a half
nude androgynous figure separated by an altar on which are the omphalos
and a tripod. The figures perhaps represent Apollo and Demeter; the sub-
ject seems to be a new one.

POLA. — Buildings near the Amphitheatre. — In Jh. Oest. Arch. I. XVIII,
1915, Beiblatt, cols. 163-176 (8 figs.), A. Gnirs gives an account of the remains
of buildings in the vicinity of the amphitheatre at Pola.

A Guide to the Antiquities. — The Austrian Archaeological Institute has
published an illustrated guide to the antiquities of Pola, comprising the history
of the archaeological collections of the city, an outline of the history of Pola
in pre-Roman, Roman, and mediaeval times, and descriptions of the amphi-
theatre, the temple of Augustus and Rome, the theatre at Monte Zaro, the
Porta Aurea, the Porta Ercole, the Porta Gemina, the theatre on the' Capitol,
he cathedral, the church of S. Maria di Canetto, and the several collections of

Italy] ARCHAEOLOGICAL NEWS, 1921 105

sculptures, inscriptions, and other antiquities. [A. Gnirs, Pola, ein Fuhrer
durch die antiken Baudenkmdler und Sammlungen. Vienna, 1915, A. Holder.
176 pp.; 122 figs. 8vo.]

RAGUSA.— A Neolithic Settlement.— In Not. Scav. XVII, 1920, pp. 333-
334. P. Orsi reports the discovery in December, 1916, on Monte Salia, at
Ragusa in Sicily, of the village and necropolis of the neolithic Siculi who worked
the quarries referred to in B. Pal. It. 1898, p. 165. The necropolis presented
some new features; there were but eleven tombs, each containing from fifty to
one hundred skeletons.

RIETL— A Latin Inscription.— In Not. Scav. XVII, 1920, p. 239, E. Dupre
Threseider reports the discovery of a fragmentary Latin inscription at Rieti.

ROME. — Discoveries in the Via Alessandro Volta. — In Not. Scav. XVII,
1920, p. 281, E, Gatti announces the discovery in the Via Alessandro Volta,
at the corner of the Via Zabaglia, of an ancient wall and four amphora handles
with inscriptions, one unpublished.

Discoveries near the Via Labicana. — In the Via Casilina, about 200 m.
from the Porta Maggiore, four travertine pilasters have come to light, perhaps
forming part of an aqueduct. Near the corner of the Via Casilina and the
Viale Castrense a portion of the pavement of the Via Labicana was found,
forming a slight angle with the Via Casilina. (E. Gatti, Not. Scav. XVII, 1920,
p. 282.)

Discoveries in the Via Mondovi. — In the Via Mondovi, outside the Porta
S. Giovanni, some ancient walls have been found belonging to a tomb; also two
inscriptions, one of which is on a fragment of an Arretine vase. (E. Gatti,
Not. Scav. XVII, 1920, pp. 282-283.)

Discoveries on the Via Nomentana. — On the property of Sig. Spadari, 3
km. to the left of the road, there were found a sepulchral precinct and one in-
scription. (E. Gatti, Not. Scav. XVII, 1920, p. 283.)

Discoveries on the Via Ostiense.— On the left of the Via Ostiense, 150 m,
beyond the cavalcavia ferroviaria, a piece of the ancient road, running from
east to west for 15 m., was found two metres below the modern street level.
At the lane leading from the Via Ostiense to the fermata ferroviaria omonima,
1.20 m. below the present level, a bit of the same road, running in the same
direction, was found. It measures 2.40 m. between the crejridines. At the
bridge over the Almo an inscribed cippus was unearthed. (E. Gatti, Not.
Scav. XVII, 1920, p. 283.)

Discoveries near the Via Salaria.— Near the villino No. 36 Via Pinciana
there have been found the remains of a columbarium with six inscriptions, one
of which mentions a concinnator a scaena; also an inscribed tile (C.I.L. XV,
811 f.). In making a new street between the Via Po and the Via Tevere the
remains of a number of tombs were found with fifteen inscriptions. Along the
Corso d'ltalia, in front of the cut in the city wall corresponding to the Via
Basilicata, a bit of ancient road has been found, running obliquely to the Corso
d'ltalia, probably belonging to the deverticulum a via Salaria vetere ad portam
Collinam (F.U.R. tav. 3); also the remains of walls. (E. Gatti, Not. Scav.
XVII, 1920, pp. 284-290.)

Discoveries near the Via Viminale— In Not. Scav. XVII, 1920, pp. 276-
277, E. Gatti reports the discovery of walls and cuniculi between the Vie
Timinale, Agostino Depretis, and Napoli, probably connected with the remains

106 AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ARCHAEOLOGY [Vol. XXVI, 1922

unearthed in 1916. There is also a bit of ancient road, running parallel with
the Via Viminale and belonging to the late Empire or early Middle Ages, as
well as remains of private houses, and a fragment of a Christian inscription
dating from the consulship of Mavortius in 527 a.d.

Houses near the Via XX Settembre. — In the Via XX Settembre, on the
west side of the former Palazzo Baracchini, E. Gatti reports the discovery of
the remains of private houses, fragments of statuary, architectural members,
and a fragmentary inscription. (Not. Scav. XVII, 1920, pp. 277-279.)

A Private House. — On the west side of the area included between the Vie
Andrea Doria, Mocenigo and Candia remains of a private house of Roman
times have been found on the slope of Monte Mario to the left of the Via
Trionfale. Leading to it is a deverticulum approaching the road from south-
east to northwest. The house contained a fine mosaic pavement, 50 m. square,
of about the middle of the first century of our era. A dedicatory inscription to
Silvanus was also found. (E. Gatti, Not. Scav. 1920, pp. 290-292.)

A Road near the Via Tiburtina. — During excavations in the circular plot
of the Pincetto a Campo Verano an ancient road was brought to light, one metre
below the modern level. It runs northeast and southwest and was a deverti-
culum of the Via Tiburtina. Beneath it was a sepulchral gallery. (E. Gatti,
Not. Scav. XVII, 1920, p. 290.)

Sarcophagi and Vases.— In Not. Scav. XVII, 1920, pp. 279-281, E. Gatti
reports the discovery in the Viale Giotto, of the district of S. Saba, of a cham-
ber with three marble sarcophagi, orientated from east to west. One of these
had sculptures covering half of one long side, the other half being left unfin-
ished. There were also found fragments of vases, including Arretine ware with
inscriptions and inscribed bandies of amphorae, some of which are unpublished;
also a brick stamp of the greater Domitianic pottery (C.I.L. XV, 165).

Tombs near the Via Portuense. — Near the junction of the Via Portuense
with the Via Magliana some cremation and inhumation tombs have been found
with two inscriptions and a few small objects. (E. Gatti, Not. Scav. XVII,
1920, p. 284.)

A Villa on the Via Latina.— In Not. Scav. XVII, 1920, p. 282, E. Gatti
reports the discovery, on the property of Comm. Maraini on the right of the
Via Appia Nova, of the remains of an ancient building, apparently a villa
rustica. With them were found fragments of painted stucco of good style and
of veneering slabs of colored marble.

SCHIO.— A Neolithic Settlement.— In Not. Scav. XVII, 1920, pp. 236-237,
A. Alfonsi reports the existence at Schio, on the hill where the castle stands, of
a settlement dating from neolithic times.

SYRACUSE.— Recent Discoveries.— In Not. Scav. XVII, 1920, pp. 303-327,
P. Orsi describes the discovery of Siculan tombs near the south side of the sea-
wall of Epipolae. They were of an interesting form, but nothing was found
in them. He also gives an account of the exploration of Castello Eurialo and
other sites. At S. Lucia inscriptions and small objects were found, including
fragments of a vase decorated with a representation of the twelfth labor of
Heracles, signed Atticus Naevi. In the necropolis at Grotticelli two fragmen-
tary inscriptions came to light; excavations in the theatre and amphitheatre
yielded inscriptions and small objects; the necropolis at Canalicchio and the
catacombs of Syracuse were also examined.

Sixth Century Art.— In Burl. Mag. XXXIX, 1921, pp. 210-216 (pi.; fig.),

Spain, Etc.] ARCHAEOLOGICAL NEWS, 1921 107

E. D. Van Bueen describes the results of Professor Orsi's excavations of sixth
century temple remains in Syracuse. The most interesting objects found are
the terra-cotta decorations. They are in a very fragmentary condition, but
give, nevertheless, much new and important information concerning the temple
decoration of this period.

TAORMINA.— A Late Roman Mosaic— In Not. Scav. XVII, 1920, pp. 340-
345, P. Orsi reports discoveries made at Taormina in 1917 and 1918. They
include a marble tablet (51 by 34 cm. ) with a Latin inscription, acquired from
a dealer in antiquities. A few feet from the railway station of Giardini-Taor-
mina, the remains of a building with a mosaic pavement were unearthed. These
had to be destroyed, but a facsimile of the interesting mosaic was made. The
remains are 6 m. by 5.80; in its complete condition the mosaic perhaps meas-
ured 6 m. by 6.50. It represents the Cretan labyrinth, surrounded by a wall
with towers at the corners and gates on two sides; two of the former and one
of the latter had disappeared. The usual representation of Theseus and the
Minotaur in the centre is lacking. One side is decorated with three dolphins.
The workmanship is poor and the design puerile, and the mosaic must be as-
signed to the period beginning with Diocletian.

TERRANOVA DI SICILIA.— A Hoard of Gold.— In Not. Scav. XVII, 1920,
p. 338, P. Orsi reports the discovery at Terranova di Sicilia, by peasants, in
December, 1918, of a hoard of Macedonian aurei and, perhaps, some jewelry.
The collection was scattered, but there have been recovered a number of gold
staters of Philip (359-336) and Alexander (336-323); also a gold earring
decorated with a lion's head. Other hoards had been found previously in the
neighborhood.

TINDARL— A Hellenistic Nike.— In Not. Scav. XVII, 1920, pp. 345-347,
P. Orsi publishes a fragment of a Nike in Greek marble, from Tindari in Sicily,
belonging to a collection made by Baron della Scala and now dispersed. The
fragment is 89 cm. high and shows the lower part of the figure, which was per-
haps an acroterium. Orsi regards it as a Hellenistic work, inspired by the
sculpture of the second half of the fifth century.

VERONA.— Mosaic Pavements.— In Not. Scav. XVII, 1920, p. 235, A.
Alfonsi describes the discovery of a mosaic pavement of a good period under
the Via S. Andrea in Verona. In the Via Mazzini remains of a Roman build-
ing and a mosaic pavement were found. In Not. Scav. XVII, 1920, p. 236,
A. Da Ltsca reports the discovery of a Roman tomb near S. Stephano at
Verona. It contained only a skeleton.

VICO PISANO.— A Silver Hoard.— In Not. Scav. XVII, 1920, pp. 240-
243, A. Minto reports the discovery of a hoard of Roman silver denarii, with
a few quinarii, at Vico Pisano in Etruria. The coins, which were found at a
depth of about 4 m., belong to the last century of the Republic. The earliest
is a denarius of C. Julius Caesar and the latest a denarius struck by Augustus
in honor of C. and L. Caesar. The 202 pieces represent an unusually large
number of types. The existence of a Roman village at this place is known
also from the discovery of tombs.

SPAIN AND PORTUGAL

ALISEDA.— A Treasure of Gold and Silver.— In B. Soc. Esp. XXIX, 1921,
pp. 96-124 (8 pis.; 9 figs.), J. R. Melida describes the very important treasure

108 AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ARCHAEOLOGY [Vol. XXVI, 1922

found in Aliseda in 1920. It consists of numerous objects of gold and silver
and other metals, but principally of gold. They are Phoenician and Cartha-
ginian work ranging in date from the sixth to the fourth century B.C. Though
many similar finds have previously been made in Spain, this is the most impor-
tant of all both because of its size and because of the excellent quality of the
workmanship displayed in the exquisite jewels. The treasure has been de-
posited in the Museo Arqueol6gico Nacional.

BEIRA-BAIXA. — Miscellaneous Antiquities. — In Archeologo Portugues,
XXIII, 1918, pp. 1-18 (18 figs.), J. L. de Vasconcelos describes objects of
various periods found in Beira-Baixa, including some prehistoric antiquities,
Roman pottery, glass and inscriptions, and a Visigothic lamp.

CENICIENTOS.— The Rock of Perescrita.— In C. R. Acad. Insc. 1920,
pp. 103-107, P. Paris describes a sculptured rock known as the Rock of Per-
escrita, near Cenicientos in the southeast of the province of Madrid. It is of
interest because few monuments of antiquity have been found in this region.
The fields about it are covered with fragments of coarse pottery of Roman date,
though possibly of Iberian manufacture. At the top of the rock is a niche like
an oven. Below this a rectangular frame encloses two representations in re-
lief, of which the lower seems to show a figure on a horse, the upper three
female figures. The latter is, perhaps, a scene of offerings. There is a short
and illegible inscription at one side, which, perhaps, showed to whom the relief
was dedicated.

JAEN.— An Iberian Bronze.— In B. Soc. Esp. XXIX, 1921, pp. 130-142
(2 pis.; fig.), H. Obermaier publishes an Iberian bronze found in the province
of Jaen or of Murcia and belonging to Dr. Aquirre. Its special interest lies in
its subject matter. It represents a sacrificial scene, the only representation of
such an Iberian ceremony that we have. It is, therefore, of importance in
throwing light upon the religious practices of the Iberians.

SIERRA MORENA— Hoard of Roman Denarii.— In October, 1920, there
was discovered in the Sierra Morena, province of Jaen, on the northern con-
fines of Andalusia, a hoard of Roman denarii, wrapped in a bent sheet of lead.
The precise spot of discovery was about two miles northeast from the Cente-
nillo silver-lead mines, which are situated about six miles northwest from the
town of La Carolina. The coins numbered 617 pieces, which made up the en-
tire hoard. The dates range from the earliest issues of Roman silver down to
about 90 B.C., at about which time the burial must have taken place. The
find is described in detail by Horace Sandars in Num. Chron. 1921, pp. 179-
186. The burial must have been substantially contemporaneous with that of a
hoard of denarii and ornaments (.-described by Messrs. Hill and Sandars in
Num. Chron. 1912, and in J.R.S. I, 1911.

FRANCE

LECTOURE. — A Portrait Head. — In Bulletin de la Societe Archeologique
du Midi de la France, nouvelle serie, 42, 1913, pp. 135-137 (pi.), E. Delorme
describes a portrait head of the first century which was discovered with a
number of other sculptural fragments at Lectoure (Gascogne). It has a cer-
tain resemblance to portraits of Tiberius, but does not represent him. The
subject has not been identified.

Austria] ARCHAEOLOGICAL NEWS, 1921 109

MARIGNAC.— A Gallo-Roman Stele.— In C. R. Acad. Insc. 1921, pp. 154-
158, M. Graillot describes a Gallo-Roman stele found at Maurignac (Haute-
Garonne). The busts of a man and his wife are carved on it in high relief of a
style which is not later than the Flavian era. The man's name is Galus..
That of his wife, Teixsossix, is of Pyrenaean origin.

MAS D' AZIL. — Palaeolithic Art. — In Bulletin de la Societe Archeologique
du Midi de la France, nouvelle serie, 42, 1913, pp. 139-142 (2 pis.), the Abbe
Bretjil and Count H. Begouen report their discoveries in the lower passages
of the cave of Mas d' Azil. They found fragmentary drawings, in red paint, of
bisons, reindeer, and horses. Count Begouen remarks that prehistoric man
availed himself of accidental resemblances, in the irregularities of the cave
walls, to forms of animals which he wished to depict.

MONTESQUIEU- AV ANTES.— Palaeolithic Art— In Bulletin de la Societe
Archeologique du Midi de la France, nouvelle serie, 42, 1913, pp. 61-62 (4 pis.),
Count H. Begouen describes some examples of palaeolithic art which he has
discovered in the Caverne du Tuc d'Audoubert, near Montesquieu-Avantes,
Ariege. One gallery of the cave contains drawings of horses, bisons, and a
reindeer, accompanied by marks which probably represent primitive darts.
Another gallery seems to have been a centre of magical ceremonies; a part of
this shows strange designs like those of Gargas and the Spanish caves, complex
interlaces of Aurignac date. Most remarkable of all remains of quaternary
art in this cave is a large group of a male and a female bison, modelled in clay.

PARIS.— A Roman Road.— In C. R. Acad. Insc. 1921, pp. 85-90 (fig.), Dr.
Capitan reports that in recent excavations for a gas conduit in Rue St. Jacques,
Paris, some sandstone slabs of a Roman pavement were found. They belong
to the latest repair (in the fourth century) of the road from Lutetia to Genabum.

TOULOUSE. — A Roman Aqueduct. — J. Chalande reports the discovery
at Toulouse of the socle of a pillar of the Roman aqueduct which brought the
water of Ardenne Haute to the city. (Bulletin de la Societe Archeologique du
Midi de la France, nouvelle serie, 43, 1914, pp. 171-172.)

SWITZERLAND

GENEVA. — Miscellaneous Antiquities. — In Bulletin de VInstitut National
Genevois, XLI, 1914, pp. 331-355 (32 figs.), B. Reber describes antiquities
discovered between the Eglise de la Madeleine and the Place Langemalle at
Geneva in excavations incidental to the construction of new buildings. Some
traces of prehistoric settlement were found, and many fragments of Gallic and
Roman pottery and other small antiquities of Roman date. A fragmentary
inscription commemorates a man named Trebonianus.

AUSTRIA

BREGENZ.— A Roman Brick Kiln.— In Jh. Oest. Arch. I. XIX-XX, 1919,
Beiblatt, cols. 49-66 (12 figs.), A Hild describes a Roman brick kiln found at
Bregenz in 1912. Some of the bricks found bear the name CAR I N VS. Forty-
six bronze coins dating between 340 and 380 a.d. were discovered.

EBREICHSDORF.— Roman Monuments.— In Jh. Oest. Arch. I. XVIII,
1915, Beiblatt, cols. 219-232 (4 figs.), F. Ruzicka describes four Roman
tombstones and an altar built into the castle at Ebreichsdorf .

110 AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ARCHAEOLOGY [Vol. XXVI, 1922

FLAVIA SOLVA — Recent Excavations.— In Jh. Oest. Arch. I. XIX-XX,
1919, Beiblatt, cols. 135-156 (13 figs.), W. Schmid reports upon the excavations
at Flavia Solva, near Leibnitz, from 1913 to 1916, with plans of the streets and
buildings. Various objects of minor importance were brought to light, includ-
ing architectural plaster fragments and pieces of wall frescoes.

GRADL. — A Prehistoric Site. — Discoveries at a prehistoric site near Lan-
genlois-Haindorf in the vicinity of Gradl are described by A. Hrodegh in Mitt.
Anth. Ges. LI, 1921, pp. 40-43 (2 figs.). The objects discovered are assigned
to these periods: the Unjetitz, the Lausitz, the late Hallstatt 3 and La Tene.

HANKENFELD.— A Neolithic Grave.— In Mitt. Anth. Ges. LI, 1921, pp.
46-47, J. Bayer reports the discovery at Hankenfeld of a prehistoric grave
with pottery of neolithic date. It seems to be the first neolithic burial to be
found south of the Danube in the East Alpine region.

LOTSCHITZ.— Report on Recent Excavations.— In Jh. Oest. Arch. L XIX-
XX, 1919, pp. 107-134 (6 figs.), F. Lorger reports upon his excavation of the
buildings in the Roman camp at Lotschitz in 1916 and 1917. There were found
204 inscribed bricks bearing the words leg{io) II Italica Ampliatus, leg{io) II
Italica Auspicatus, leg(ionis) II Italicae Fabianus, etc.

SALZBURG.— A Prehistoric Settlement— In Mitt. Anth. Ges. LI, 1921, pp.
31-39 (4 figs.) M. Hell describes the discovery of a prehistoric settlement on
the Hellbrtmner Berg south of Salzburg. The finds were mostly of the late
neolithic and early bronze periods, but show no regular stratification.

STILLFRIED AN DER MARCH.— Excavations in iqi6.— In Jh. Oest.
Arch. I. XIX-XX, 1919, Beiblatt, cols. 67-106 (8 figs.), O. Menghin describes
the excavations at Stillfried an der March in 1916. Fragments of prehistoric
and Roman pottery were discovered. The site was occupied in neolithic times,
but attained its greatest importance in the early part of the Hallstatt period.
The Roman settlement was most important from the second to the fourth cen-
tury A.D.

SWEDEN

ADELSO. — Antiquities. — The archaeological investigations on the island of
Adelso in Lake Malar are the subject of a paper by H. Rydh in Fornvannen,
XII, 1917, pp. 90-96 (9 figs.; map). Graves excavated at Hovgarden belong to
the Viking period. Other early graves were opened at Stenby and Stra Dalby.
On the Skanberg is a prehistoric fortification, surrounding the citadel, and hav-
ing on the south side an entrance masked by an outer wall.

GOTEBORG.— Rock Drawings.— In Fornvannen, XII, 1917, pp. 115-126
(7 figs.), G. Hallstrom describes forty-six drawings on rocks in southern
Goteborg and Bohuslan. Ships are the most common subjects, but animals
and men are also represented.

SKANE. — Graves of the Stone Age. — In Fornvannen, XII, 1917, pp. 67-
88 (46 figs.), F. Hansen describes the contents of a number of graves'of the
Stone Age which he investigated at Skane and in Langeland (Denmark) . Stone
objects and pottery were discovered.

STORKAGE.— A Find of Bronzes.— In Fornvannen, XII, 1917, pp. 147-
172, 203-225 (19 figs.) E. Hjarne describes a group of bronzes found near
Storkage and now in the museum of Skellef tea in the province of Wasterbotten,
It includes horseshoe-shaped ring-fibulae with enamel inlays, two bow fibulae.

Great Britain] ARCHAEOLOGICAL NEWS, 1921 111

a spiral arm ring, parts of neck rings and finger rings. The enamelled fibulae
are the first of this type to be found in Sweden. Similar fibulae have been
found in Finland, the Baltic provinces, and Russia. The other objects of this
deposit also point to eastern connections. It is to be dated in the first half of
the fourth century a.d., and shows that trade existed between Wasterbotten
and the Baltic countries in this period.

VARMLAND.— Prehistoric Antiquities. — In Fornvdnnen, XII, 1917, pp.
1-35 (26 figs.), T. J. Arne describes the exploration of prehistoric sites in Varm-
land in the summers of 1906, 1915, and 1916. A few objects of the Bronze Age
were found. Of the stone tumuli of this period the greater number had been
plundered. At Norby a cemetery with twenty graves of the La Tene period
was excavated. The graves were incineration trenches covered with small
stones. A cemetery at Runneval belongs to the time between the Roman Era
and the period of migrations, about 400 a.d. Nine of the ninety-four graves
here were excavated, and a few small objects of clay, bone, glass, arid iron were
found.

WENDEL. — The Grave of King Ottar. — Investigation of a burial mound
at Husby in Wendel seems to confirm the tradition that it is the grave of King
Ottar, who died in the first half of the sixth century. In the mound was a
heap of stones which served as a foundation for the funeral pyre. Human
bones, a gold coin of the emperor Basiliscus (476-477 a.d.), and fragments of
gold, silver, bronze, glass, and pottery were found. The type of burial is like
that of the Old Uppsala graves. (S. Lindqvist, Fornvdnnen, XII, 1917, pp.
127-143; 15 figs.)

RUSSIA

PETROGRAD.— The Museum of the Hermitage.— In R. Arch., fifth series,
XIV, 1912, pp. 165-171 Andre Julien reports that the Museum of the Her-
mitage has suffered no losses since 1914. There has been a complete reorganiza-
tion, the museum has been extended to include the Winter Palace, many pri-
vate collections have been deposited in the museum, numerous gifts have been
received, some of which are important, and many objects have come into the
museum by confiscation. The staff is well organized and is working faithfully,
not only in the arrangement and care of the museum and its contents, but also
in the preparation of handbooks and learned treatises.

GREAT BRITAIN

AMESBURY. — A Stone Axe-hammer. — In connection with the discovery
of prehistoric burials at Amesbury, reported by Sir Lawrence Weaver in
The Antiquaries Journal, I, 1921, pp. 125-126, and commented on by R. Smith,
ibid. pp. 126-130 (4 figs.), a stone axe-hammer of interesting shape was
found. It apparently belongs to the Bronze Age, since its form is imitative of
early copper implements.

CAMBRIDGE. — Acquisitions of the Fitzwilliam Museum. — Among recent
acquisitions of the Fitzwilliam Museum are: (1) A collection of 150 scarabs;
a horse's head from an Assyrian relief brought from Nineveh by Layard (gift
of Sir Herbert Thompson); (2) A small Roman sarcophagus finely decorated
(gift of Lord Carmichael) ; (3) many coins bequeathed by F. W. Hasluck; a gold

112 AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ARCHAEOLOGY [Vol. XXVI, 1922

coin of the Aulerci Eburovici (gift by Mr. W. Finch); (4) six specimens of
Corean pottery (gift of Mr. W. M. Tapp); (5) a Parisian breviary, written
about 1370 for Louis d' Evreux, Count of Etampes, and a large miniature of
the Ferrarese school (R. Arch. XIV, 1921, p. 192, from the Annual Report of
the Museum).

FRILFORD. — Romano-British and Anglo-Saxon Burials. — In The Anti-
quaries Journal, I, 1921, pp. 87-96 (3 figs.), L. H. Dudley Buxton reports the
results of excavation at Frilford of a cemetery site on which investigations were
made by Mr. Akerman and Dr. Rolleston, 1864-1868. Forty Romano-British
graves, cut in oolite, were discovered. Coffin nails and coins were found in
these, but few fragments of pottery. Five Anglo-Saxon graves were opened,
containing some small pins, gilt brooches, beads, and other small objects. None
of the Anglo-Saxon cremations which Dr. Rolleston reports were found, nor
were there any of the unoriented graves which he mentions.

GRIMED GRAVES.— Palaeolithic Engravings.— In The Antiquaries Jour-
nal, I, 1921, pp. 83-86 (fig.), A. L. Armstrong reports discoveries at Grime's
Graves, Norfolk, indicating the continuous occupation of this site from palae-
olithic times to the Iron Age. The most important finds were two pieces of
flint crust, on one of which a deer or elk is represented, on the other the head of
a hind. These were discovered in connection with implements of the Le
Moustier period, in a level immediately overlying glacial sand.

LONDON. — Accessions to the British Museum Collection of Coins. —
Greek coins acquired by the British Museum in 1920 are described in part by
G. F. Hill in Num. Chron. 1921, pp. 161-178 (2 pis.). The total number of
Greek coins acquired was 2,970, as against 2,076 in 1919. Part of these were
from the Earle Fox bequest, and from the collection of coins of the Achaean
League formed by the late Gen. Malcolm G. Clerk. Among the coins de-
scribed are an as of Hatria (wt. 341. 8g.), like Haeberlin I, p. 204, No. 5, but with-
out any visible value-mark on the reverse; a so-called " Marathon" decadrachm
of Athens (eight other specimens known, but one of these probably false) ; and
a unique oriental imitation of an Athenian coin.

Greek Coins from the Dardanelles. — E. S. G. Robinson describes in Num.
Chron. 1921, pp. 1-25 (pi.), thirty-eight Greek coins recently acquired by the
British Museum from a collection formed in the Dardanelles region. They
are mostly of the Roman imperial period, but include several new and a num-
ber of the less well-known varieties. From the occurrence of the very uncom-
mon type of a beardless Asclepius on a copper of Prusias ad Hypium, added
to other considerations, he suggests that didrachms of this type previously
attributed to Arne-Cierium (Thessaly) should be assigned to Cierus-Prusias
(Bithynia) .

A Tetradrachm of Aspeisas. — A coin, recently acquired by the British
Museum, has the types of the Alexander the Great coinage, but is unique in
displaying on the reverse "the only example in the earlier Alexander series of
a name [ A^TT E I ^ Y] given at full length." Aspeisas is nowhere mentioned in
literature, but an Aspisas is said by Diodorus (XIX, 55) *to be a Persian made
satrap of Susiana in place of Seleucus by Antigonus in 316 B.C. Apparently
the satrap was this Aspeisas, and the coin was struck at Susa, 316-312 b.c,
(E. S. G. Robinson, Num. Chron. 1921, pp. 37-38; pi.)

NUNEATON. — Roman Denarii. — Twenty-nine denarii were recently found

No. Africa] ARCHAEOLOGICAL NEWS, 1921 113

in a granite quarry at Nuneaton. They probably formed part rather than the
whole of a hoard. One was of the familiar eagle-galley type of Mark Antony;
the rest ranged in date from Septimius Severus to Julia Mamaea. They are
described in detail by H. Mattingly in Num. Chron. 1921, pp. 145-149.

OXFORD. — Acquisitions of the Ashmolean Museum in 1920. — In R. Arch.,
fifth series, XIV, 1921, pp. 191 f ., S.* R. gives a list of the more important acqui-
sitions of the Ashmolean Museum in 1920. It includes objects of Egyptian (a
funerary vase of about the second century B.C. and many objects from Napata
in Nubia), Asiatic (Hittite cylinder, etc.), Aegean, Greek (chiefly Attic vases),
Italian (terra-cotta heads from Orvieto, Etruscan objects from a tomb near
Chiusi, etc.), prehistoric and British origin, and also some relatively modern
works of art.

NORTHERN AFRICA

CARTHAGE.— Punic Graves.— In C. R. Acad. Insc. 1921, pp. 95-100,
Pere Delattre reports the excavation of a number of Punic graves on the
hill of Juno at Carthage. Both cinerary and inhumation burials were found,
accompanied by pottery, jewelry, and other small objects.

CYRENAICA. — Archaeological Notes. — In Notiziario Archeologico, I, 1915,
pp. 67-239 (87 figs.), E. Ghislanzoni, after reviewing briefly the physical
characteristics and the history of the Cyrenaica, as well as the history of mod-
ern investigation in this region, describes under several topographical headings
the antiquities which have come to the notice of archaeologists since the
Italian occupation of Tripoli. At Berenice (Benghazi) some mounds near the
ancient Lake Tritonis probably belong to the ruins of the temple of Aphrodite
mentioned by Strabo. Some architectural fragments, and three Roman por-
trait statues have been found in the city. Of the many rock-cut tombs in the
vicinity a common type is approached by a short flight of steps, and shows
niches in the walls for burials. Of the great quantity of pottery and terra-
cottas found in these tombs the^greater part is of Roman date, and none is
earlier than the Ptolemaic period. At Teuchira there are no visible Greek
remains. The conspicuous city walls belong to the period of Justinian. At
Barce there are slight architectural remains. A Panathenaic amphora of the
fourth century B.C. was excavated in this region. At Ptolemais are fine ashlar
walls of one of the city gates, and remains of great covered reservoirs. The
great masses of confused ruins indicate that more destruction was caused by
earthquake than by barbarian invasion. An object of some artistic interest
which has been found here is a fragment of a sarcophagus with a relief, pos-
sibly of Roman date, but of Greek style, representing a combat of Greeks and
Amazons. Two rude inscribed reliefs commemorate gladiators. At Apollonia
there has been considerable destruction of ancient remains since the visit of
Smith and Porcher in 1860. The apse of the principal Christian basilica is
still recognizable. The city was supplied with water by an aqueduct of which
considerable parts are preserved. The best preserved monument of the city is
the theatre. A statuary fragment found here is from a figure of the Tyche of
Apollonia. Its drapery is similar in style to that of the Hera Barberini. At
Cyrene the most conspicuous monuments are the tombs of its necropolis.
Among the sculptures found in the region of the fountain and temple of
Apollo the Aphrodite is already famous. Others are two archaic korai, headless
9

114 AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ARCHAEOLOGY [Vol. XXVI, 1922

(Fig. 1); a torso of Hermes; and a statue of a satyr with the infant Dionysus.
On the south slope of the Wady Bil Gadir, where the American expedition
discovered several draped figures of Roman date, numerous other figures of
similar type have been found, as well as many terra-cottas representing seated
female figures. In the southwestern part of the city are the ruins of two great
reservoirs. A remarkably well-preserved covered reservoir is found at Saf-
Saf, the site of an ancient suburb of Cyrehe.

MAHDIA.— Marble Candelabra.— In R. Arch., fifth series, XIV, 1921, pp.
1-12 (fig.), A. Merlin and L. Poinssot describe and discuss several marble
candelabra found in the sea near Mahdia and now in the Bardo Museum. Two

Figure 1. — Archaic Female Figure: Cyrene.

only are in fairly good condition. The most complete are 1.85 m. in height
and are composed of a three-sided base and a shaft made up of superposed
plates separated by baskets of foliage. The leaves and the ornamentation of
the bases indicate that these candelabra are imitations of metal work. Sev-
eral works of similar style are cited. The marble candelabra, as well as their
metal prototypes, are products of the neo-Attic school, and the types of their
ornamentation — acanthus, griffin, palmette, lotus, spiral, etc., go back to the
Ionic art of the seventh and sixth centuries B.C.

TIPASA.— A Mosaic Inscription .—In C. R. Acad. Insc. 1920, pp. 387-391,
E. Albertini reports the discovery at Tipasa of the remains of an apsidal
structure, the vestibule of which has a mosaic inscription of five hexameter

United States] ARCHAEOLOGICAL NEWS, 1921 115

lines, indicating that the dedicator had adapted a previously existing building
to use as a Christian church, and had decorated it with mosaics. The inscrip-
tion is to be dated about 350 a.d.

TRIPOLI. — The Arch of Marcus Aurelius. — In Notiziario Archeologico, I,
1915, pp. 15-34 (4 pis.; 8 figs.), G. Boni and L. Mariani report and illustrate
in detail the recent measures taken by the Italian engineers to free the quadri-
frontal arch of Marcus Aurelius at Tripoli from modern structures and to
consolidate and preserve the ancient monument.

TRIPOLITANA. — Archaeological Notes. — In Notiziario Archeologico, I,
1915, pp. 37-64 (25 figs.; 2 maps), S. Aurigemma sketches the history of the
Tripolitana in ancient times, through the periods of Punic and Roman domina-
tion, and discusses the ancient monuments of the three principal cities of this
district. In the city of Tripoli there are few monuments extant. The arch
of Marcus Aurelius is the most important. A number of rock-cut tombs north-
west of the city have yielded a variety of small objects of Roman date. A
cemetery at Ain Zara illustrates the Christian period of Tripolis. Leptis
Magna, the chief port of this region in ancient times, shows many more monu-
ments. The grandiose ruins northwest of the Wady Ebda belong to the pal-
ace of Septimius Severus, who was a native of Leptis Magna. There are also
remains of a quadrifrontal arch, an aqueduct, and a circus on this site.
The mausoleum of Gasr el-Duirat is a model of its kind, and exemplifies pro-
vincial art in all its complex variety. There are considerable remains of the
ancient fortifications designed to protect the port and the coast. At Sabrata,
which was the grain port of antiquity, are imposing monuments: the city wall,
an amphitheatre, and enormous heaps of unidentified ruins. Many ancient
monuments are found at places remote from the principal cities. A Roman
building near the coast at Zliten contains the finest mosaics yet discovered in
Africa. In variety of design and brilliance of color they are equal to the best
work of the imperial period. The composition includes representations of
fishes, of animals, of gladiatorial combats and hunting scenes. In the more
deserted parts of Tripoli, especially on the plateau and in the defiles of the
mountains of Gebel are many monuments which testify to the prosperity of
the country before the Arab invasion.

UNITED STATES

NEW YORK.— Egyptian Sculptures.— The Metropolitan Museum of Art
reports the acquisition by purchase of a number of important Egyptian sculp-
tures, including a fine representation in diorite of Senusert III as a sphinx, a
group in diorite showing Sahure, a King of the Vth dynasty, accompanied by
the nome-figure of Coptos, and a basalt statuette of the XXVIth dynasty,
representing the priest Harbas holding a figure of Osiris. (B. Metr. Mm. XV,

1920, pp. 128-131; 4 figs.)

An -Egyptian Statuette. — Of interest for its provenance as well as for its artis-
tic value is a statuette of "the nurse Satsneferu" recently acquired by the
Metropolitan Museum. The statuette was found at Adana, in southeastern
Asia Minor. It is assigned to the Xllth dynasty on epigraphical grounds and
because of the name of its original owner. (H. E. W., B. Metr. Mus. XVI,

1921, pp. 208-210; fig.)

116 AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ARCHAEOLOGY [Vol. XXVI, 1922

Figure 2. — Head of
Youth: New York.

Classical Accessions of the Metropolitan
Museum.— In B. Metr. Mus. XVI, 1921, pp.
9-14 (6 figs.), G. M. A. R(ichter) reports
that the Metropolitan Museum has acquired
an important series of sculptures: (1) a head
of a youth (Fig. 2), in the Attic-Ionic style of
about 500 b.c; (2) a torso of a young athlete,
to be dated between the Olympia temple
sculptures and the Parthenon; (3) a torso of
a youth, of the later Polyclitan school; (4) a
statuette of a boxer (Fig. 3) made under the
influence of Scopas; (5) a torso of a boy,
Praxitelean; (6) a grave monument with a
farewell scene in low relief, of the fourth cen-
tury b.c; (7) a small torso of a stooping
Aphrodite, of Roman date; (8) a Hellenistic
statue of an old fisherman. The Museum
has also purchased a number of sculptures
of Roman style, including a sarcophagus-
relief representing the death of Meleager,
and several architectural fragments; also a
series of more than a hundred ancient bronzes,

eighty vases, seventeen terra-cottas, and a
remarkable archaic statuette in amber, repre-
senting a woman carrying a child. Ibid. pp.
32-39 (6 figs.), Miss Richter describes some
of the bronzes mentioned above. The most
important are (1) a statuette of a diadumenos
(Fig. 4), showing the influence of Lysippus;
(2) a realistic statuette of a negro boy; (3) a
Hellenistic statuette of a tragic actor, in a
dramatic posture; (4) an archaic handle in
the form of a youth bent backward; (5) a
statuette of Harpocrates; (6) a statuette of a
bull, of fifth century style. The collection
includes not only other works of art, but>a
number of surgical and other instruments.
Ibid. pp. 225-229 (5 figs.), Miss Richter
publishes seven Reman portraits lately ac-
quired by the Metropolitan Museum. They
are good examples from several periods: the
Republican, the Augustan, the second cen-
tury, and the third century, a.d.

A Replica of the Venus Genetrix.— In
B. Metr. Mus. XVI, 1921, p. 20, G. M. A.
R(ichter) reports that the Metropolitan
Museum exhibits as an anonymous loan an
excellent replica of the Venus Genetrix, sup-

Figure 3. — Statuette of
Boxer: New York.

United States] ARCHAEOLOGICAL NEWS, 1921

117

posed by some archaeologists to be a copy of the statue of Aphrodite in the
Gardens by Alcamenes.

Terra-cottas from Crete.— In B. Metr. Mus. XVI, 1921, pp. 168-170 (3
figs.), M. E. C. reports that the Metropolitan Museum has received as a loan
from the Archaeological Institute of America a series of terra-cottas of the
seventh century B.C., discovered by Dr. Halbherr in his excavations at Praesos
in Crete (see AJ.A. IX, 1894, pp. 543-544; XI, 1896, p. 579; second series, V,
1901, pp. 281-283, 371-392).

Jewels of the Tang Period.— In B. Metr. Mus. XVI, 1921, pp. 17-18 (4
figs.), S. C. B. R. reports that the Metropolitan Museum has acquired a series
of Chinese gold jewels and silver ornaments of the Tang period.

Pottery Lohans.— In B. Metr. Mus. XVI, 1921, pp. 15-16 (fig.), S. C. B. R.
reports the acquisition by the Met-
ropolitan Museum of a Chinese
pottery figure of one of the sixteen
Lohans or disciples of Buddha, from
the caves of the Eight Lohan Moun-
tain near Ichou. The head is not
restored, as are some heads of other
Lohans found on this site. The fig-
ure is of more than life size, and was
built up on an iron frame of which
parts are still visible. Ibid. XVI,
1921, p. 120 (fig.), the purchase of
a second Lohan from the same
series is announced.

A Buddhist Painting.— In B. Metr.
Mus. XVI, 1921, pp. 124-126 (fig.),
S. C. B. R. describes a Buddhist
painting of Chinese or Corean ori-
gin, recently given to the Metropol-
itan Museum. It shows Buddha
accompanied by disciples and Bod-
hisattvas, musicians and attendants
with banners. The style is related to that of the paintings of Khotan in
Chinese Turkestan.

An Exhibition of Sword Guards.— In B. Metr. Mus. XVI, 1921, pp. 142-144
(fig.), B. D(ean) reports the exhibition at the Metropolitan Museum of a col-
lection of a hundred Japanese sword guards, some of which are as early as
the fourteenth century.

NORTHAMPTON.— Acquisitions of the Hillyer Art Gallery.— Among a
number of recent accessions to the Hillyer Art Gallery of Smith College, re-
ported in a list published under the title "Fifth Special Exhibition, Season of
1920-1921: The New Accessions" are the following antiquities: (1) an Egyp-
tian bronze mirror with an ivory handle; (2) an Attic black figured amphora, on
each side of which, in a " reserved" panel, is represented a quadriga; (3) a
fragment of a terra-cotta relief representing a Victory sacrificing a bull.

Figure 4. — Statuette of Diadou-
menos: New York.

118 AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ARCHAEOLOGY [Vol. XXVI, 1922

PROVIDENCE.— Pang Mirrors.— In B. Rhode Island School of Design, IX,
1921, pp. 36-38 (2 figs.), L. E. R(owe) describes two Chinese bronze mirrors
of the T'ang period which are now in the collection of the Rhode Island School
of Design.

EARLY CHRISTIAN, BYZANTINE, MEDIAEVAL, AND

RENAISSANCE ART

GENERAL AND MISCELLANEOUS

CAIRO.— Fostat Pottery.— In Burl. Mag. XXXIX, 1921, pp. 11-18 (11
figs.), W. A. Stewart discusses the recent finds of pottery in that area of Old
Cairo known as Fostat. The pottery covers the period from Early Christian
times to the fifteenth century. Almost all of it shows foreign influence, and
it can be determined that in some cases the pieces were imported from Persia,
while in others they were made by Persian artisans in Cairo.

ITALY

FERRARA. — A Ravennate Sarcophagus. — A sarcophagus excavated in
Ferrara in 1920 is published by C. Ricci in Rass. d'Arte, VIII, 1921, pp. 253-
260 (12 figs.). Renaissance coats of arms carved on it indicate that it was not
buried so long ago as might have been suspected. But the sarcophagus itself
is clearly an early work. It is shown to belong to a group carved in Ravenna
in the first half of the fifth century, a group retaining classical features through-
out. On the front of the sarcophagus are the figures of six apostles in niches
flanking a central niche containing the enthroned Christ. On each end are two
other apostles in niches, and, to complete the twelve, two sheep on the back
symbolize the last two apostles.

FLORENCE. — A Fourteenth Century Processional Cross. — An unusually
splendid silver processional cross decorated with enameled paintings, recently
acquired by the Bargello, Florence, is published by C. Gamba in Dedalo, II,
1921, pp. 219-221 (pi.; 2 figs.). The general design of the cross, as well as the
character of the enameled decorations, indicates the region of Siena as its prov-
enance. Simone Martini is the painter most nearly approached by the author
of the enamels.

Tapestries by Bachiacca. — The work of a minor artist, Francesco Bachiacca,
particularly as it is shown in two series of tapestries recently hung in the
Uffizi, is discussed by M. Tinti in Dedalo, I, 1921, pp. 803-817 (pi.; 12 figs.).
One of the series represents the months, the other grotesques. Both were done
toward the end of the artist's life, in the middle of the sixteenth century.
While Bachiacca was not a first rate artist and while he borrowed freely from
other masters, there is a liveliness and spontaneity about his work (partly due,
no doubt, to the contact with real life into which his Bohemian habits,brought
him) which gives them an unmistakable personal note.

MILAN.— Antonello da Messina.— In V Arte, XXIV, 1921, pp. 71-73 (pi.;
fig.), A. Venttjri adds a painting and a drawing to the known works of Anton-
ello da Messina. The painting, a portrait of a monk in the collection of Achillito
Chiesa at Milan; belongs to about 1475, when the artist had lost every trace of
Flemish influence. Venetian sfumato and the artist's own indication of volume
are characteristic features of the picture. The drawing (in the Albertina at

Christian Art] ARCHAEOLOGICAL NEWS, 1921 119

Vienna, where it is labeled Marescalco) represents the bust of a youth and is
the only authentic drawing by Antonello.

A Relief by Jacopo della Quercia. — In Dedalo, II, 1921, pp. 149-153 (pi.;
2 figs.), I. B. Supino publishes a hitherto unknown work in the Ojetti collection
which may confidently be attributed to Jacopo della Quercia, in the period in
which he was working on the door of S. Petronio at Bologna. The relief
came from the villa of Corsano in Val d'Elsa and represents the Madonna and
Child, to whom S. Antonio is presenting a prelate. It was apparently in the
form of a lunette originally, decorating the archivolt of a door. It is one of the
finest examples of the master's work that have come down to us.

RAVENNA.— The New Portrait of Dante.— In Gaz. B.-A. IV, 1921, pp.
252-254 (3 figs.), P. Antony-Thouret publishes an excerpt from a letter writ-
ten by Corrado Ricci in which the latter shows that neither iconography, nor
history, nor traditions confirm the belief that the newly discovered fresco in
S. Francesco at Ravenna is a portrait of Dante.

The Funerary Church of Dante. — The important features of the older
forms of the church of S. Francesco at Ravenna as brought to light in the
recent restorations in honor of the Dante centenary are briefly summarized by
S. Muratori in Rass. d'Arte, VIII, 1921, pp. 298-314 (15 figs.). The most
interesting, popularly, at least, are the frescoes that have been uncovered,
particularly the supposed portrait of Dante.

RIMINI. — Another Portrait of Dante. — In a study of the frescoes uncov-
ered a few years ago in the apse of S. Agostino in Rimini F. Filippini in BolL
Arte, I, 1921, pp. 3-20 (21 figs.) gives evidence for the recognition of Dante
among the characters represented. Through similarity to the work on the
altarpiece of the Miracles of S. Giuliano, Rimini, the frescoes are attributed to»
the signer of that altarpiece, Bitino da Faenza. It seems likely that they were-
done in the second decade of the fifteenth century at the order of Fra Girolama
di Leonardo. Now at that time Fra Leonardo had just come from the Council
of Costanza, where his friend, Fra Giovanni da Sarravalle, had in his commen-
tary on Dante's Divine Comedy filled everyone with enthusiasm for that poet.
What more natural than that in the new decorations at Rimini prominent
place should be given to Dante, watching in company with Petrarch and lords
of the house of Malatesta the miracle of the resuscitation of Drusiana?

ROME. — Two Works by Benozzo Gozzoli. — Two examples of Gozzoli's
work during his sojourn in Rome and Lazio from 1456 to 1458 are published by
R. Papini in Boll. Arte, I, 1921, pp. 36-38 (3 figs.). One, found six or seven,
years ago in SS. Domenico e Sisto, Rome, is probably to be identified as the-
fragmentary central portion of a large composition of the Madonna "with
many saints" referred to by Vasari. The tutorship of the master Fra Angelico*
is still evident in it. But wholly in Gozzoli' s own individual manner is the
second painting, a head of Christ discovered a short time ago by the author of
the article in the monastery of Sta. Chiara in Piperno. It is probably a frag-
ment of a tabernacle.

An English Mediaeval Embroidery in the Vatican. — tn Burl Mag. XXXIX,
1921, pp. 121-128 (3 pis.), A. Lindblom publishes an elaborate example of
English embroidery, an opus Anglicanum in the form of a cope, from the reign
of Edward I. It is exhibited in the Borgia apartments of the Vatican. The
deep crimson and gold of the work form a more perfect harmony than one may

120 AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ARCHAEOLOGY [Vol. XXVI, 1922

find in almost any other extant piece of the thirteenth and fourteenth century,
and the work is equally important for its perfect preservation and its delicate
workmanship.

SYRACUSE.— Unpublished Syracusan Paintings.— In V Arte, XXIX, 1921,
pp. 111-115 (3 figs.), E. Mauceri publishes three fifteenth century paintings
in Syracuse, showing their relationship with other groups of paintings where it
is not possible to discover their authors.

TIVOLI.— The Deposition of Tivoli.— In Dedalo, II, 1921, pp. 79-89 (pi.;
8 figs.), F. Hermanin writes on the splendid group of wooden statues, compos-
ing the Descent from the Cross, recently restored and regrouped in the cathe-
dral at Tivoli. The work is connected stylistically with other Romanesque
sculptures of the same province but surpasses them in largeness of conception
and liveliness of expression. It belongs to that thirteenth century trend of
art which culminated in the work of Pietro Cavallini.

TRENT. — The Sacramentarium of the Church of Trent. — The sacramen-
tarium recently returned to the city of Trent from the Palatine library of Vienna
is the subject of an article by G. Gerola in Dedalo, II, 1921, pp. 221-230 (4
figs.). The decorations of the manuscript pages (British in origin of inspira-
tion) are less interesting than the binding. This was restored in the sixteenth
century, but it still contains on the outside the tenth century ivory figure of a
saint and on the inside fragments of sixth or seventh century figured cloth
(Fig. 5).

VENICE. — Andrea del Castagno. — A proof of the hitherto hypothetical
sojourn of Andrea del Castagno in Venice is given by G. Fiocco in VArte,
XXIV, 1921, pp. 85-89 (2 figs.). A close inspection of the frescoes in the apse
of the church of S. Zaccaria in Venice reveals the hand of Andrea in the style
of the work. Even his signature is found and the date 1442. Francesco da
Faenza is indicated in the inscription as a co-worker; to him may be assigned
the putti and other decorative motives.

FRANCE

ELNE. — In Bulletin de la Societe Archeologique du Midi de la France,
nouvelle serie, 42, 1913, pp. 85-88 (pi.), F. Galabert publishes the inscription
from the tomb of the Abbe Gaubert (d. 1234) of the monastery of Saint-Genis
des-Fontaines, near Elne (Pyrenees-Orientales) . It consists of fourteen lines
in leonine hexameters, with some metrical irregularities.

PARIS.— A Medallion of Filippo Strozzi — In Gaz. B.-A. IV, 1921, pp. 203-
210 (pi.; 3 figs.), J. Babelon publishes a medallion with the portrait of Filippo
Strozzi, of which there is a mediocre example in the Cabinet of Medals, Paris.
Evidence is given for the attribution of the work to Benedetto Majano, author
of the Strozzi bust in the Louvre.

Little Known Paintings by Rembrandt. — In Gaz. B.-A. Ill, 1921, pp.
213-218 (pi.; 3 figs.), A. Bredius publishes three pictures by Rembrandt. A
self portrait painted in about 1630 is in the collection of the Countess Delaborde.
The portrait of a man reading, hitherto known only in copies, belongs to Count
Demandoex Dedons, Marseilles, and is signed and dated 1645. The third
picture is a little sketch in the author's collection which comes from the Wynn
Ellis sale, where it figured as a study for the Munich painting of the Erection
of the Cross. Its more profound conception, however, and the nature of its
variations from the Munich painting prove that it is a later work.

Christian Art] ARCHAEOLOGICAL NEWS, 1921

121

TOULOUSE. — Five Shrines. — In Bulletin de la Societe Archeologique du
Midi de la France, nouvelle serie, 42, pp. 122-132 (pi.; 5 figs.), A. Auriol de-
scribes shrines of five saints preserved at the church of Saint-Senin in Toulouse.
All are in the form of a rectangular chest surmounted by a cover shaped like

Figure 5. — Cloth Binding of Sacramen-
torium: Sixth or Seventh Century:
Trent.

a steep roof. They are made of walnut wood and covered with plates of sil-
vered copper. All show architectonic ornament, with panels framing figures in
relief. They are dated in the sixteenth century, but have undergone repairs
since that date.

HOLLAND

AMSTERDAM.— The Annunciation by Matteo Civitale.— In Art in Amer-
ica, IX, 1921, pp. 202-205 (pi.), W. R. Valentiner publishes a terra-cotta figure
of the Virgin in a private collection in Amsterdam which he believes to be the

122 AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ARCHAEOLOGY [Vol. XXVI, 1922

companion piece of the beautiful Angel of the Annunciation by Matteo Civi-
tale in the Metropolitan Museum, New York.

GERMANY AND AUSTRIA

HANOVER.— A Painting by Botticelli.— In VArte, XXIV, 1921, pp. 137-
138 (fig.), A. Venture publishes a painting of the Annunciation in the Kestner
Museum, Hanover, which he places among the late works of Botticelli. It
was formerly ascribed to the school of that master.

MUNICH.— Three Ivory Reliefs.— In Munch. Jb. XII, 1921, pp. 38-45
(4 figs.), R. Berliner publishes three ivory reliefs representing scenes from
the history of Christ, which were obtained by the Bavarian National Museum
in 1917. They clearly belong to the same series as those numbered 4 to 16
in the second volume of Goldschmidt's Elferibeinskulpturen. But even these
new additions by no means complete the cycle of subjects which must originally
have been represented by the group. The work is apparently by a German
artist under Byzantine influence and belongs to the Othonian period.

The Madonna with the Rose Bush.— In Munch. Jb. XI, 1921, pp. 2-12 (7
figs.), P. M. Halm writes on the stone group of the Madonna standing before a
rose bush in which the Child sits, a work acquired in 1916 by the Bavarian
National Museum. The prominence given to the rose bush is the most in-
teresting feature of the work; the reference is apparently to the prophetic
words of Isaiah (xi, 1 and 2). Comparison with other sculptures dates the
group in the period from 1360 to 1380, and its authorship is to be sought in the
Regensburg school.

VIENNA.— A Madonna by Correggio.— In L'Arte, XXIV, 1921, p. 172 (fig.),
A. Venturi publishes a Madonna and Child with St. John in the Hof museum
of Vienna, which he attributes to Correggio.

ROUMANIA

The Excavations at Curtea of Argesh (Roumania). — In R. Arch., fifth series,
XIII, 1821, pp. 1-23 (pi.), G. I. Bratianu describes discoveries in the church
of St. Nicholas (Domnese) in the ancient capital of Walachia. Under the rel-
atively modern paintings of the interior, a series of five Byzantine frescoes
has been found. Details of costume fix the date of the frescoes in the fourteenth
century. On a column the figure of a warrior is painted, in a costume of
that period. An inscription earlier than the paintings gives the date 1352 for
the death of " the great Voivode Basarab. ' J Fourteen tombs were found within
the church, the chief of which contained the remains of a man whose costume
resembled that of the painted figure. An elaborate gold fastening of his girdle
has a curious architectural form resembling a castle, in the great central opening
of which is a swan with a woman's head. A trefoil and two fleurs de lis are
seen in three small openings below. The work seems to belong to the schoo]
of Transylvania (Cluj-Kolosvar). Several other interesting works of metal
were found in the tombs. The relief known as the "Satru of Radu Negru,"
legendary founder of the Walach Princedom, was formerly in the church of
St. Nicholas and is now in the National Museum at Bucharest. It is a recum-
bent figure — a fashion borrowed from Western Europe. The events of the
history of Roumania in the twelfth, thirteenth and fourteenth centuries are

Christian Art] ARCHAEOLOGICAL NEWS, 1921 123

briefly recounted. The great Hungarian and Catholic penetration of Walachia
belongs to the period from about 1340 to 1375. The person buried in the
chief tomb in St. Nicholas was probably the great Voivode Basarab, not the
somewhat later Radu Negru. Excavations are to be continued. (See also
N. Jorga in C. R. Acad. Insc. 1921, pp. 22-26.)

GREAT BRITAIN

BRISTOL.— A Byzantine Psalter.— In Burl. Mag. XXXVIII, 1921, pp.
119-128 and 282-289 (4 pis.), M. P. Perry publishes a hitherto unnoticed By-
zantine psalter in the possession of the Western College at Bristol. The manu-
script may be dated in the eleventh century; it belongs to the so-called "Mon-
astic-theological" group. Besides two full-page illuminations, it is illustrated
by a series of even more interesting marginal vignettes, the subject matter and
ieonographical significance of which are here discussed.

COVENTRY.— A Fifteenth Century Oak Chair.— In Burl. Mag. XXXIX,
1921, pp. 170-177 (2 pis.; fig.), H. Cescinsky describes the remnants of a
fine old chair in St. Mary's Hall, Coventry, which is almost unique as a good
example of secular chairs as early as the fifteenth century. Originally the
chair was probably in the form of a triple throne and was inspired from eccle-
siastical sources.

LONDON.— A Stucco after Verrocchio— In Burl. Mag. XXXIX, 1921, pp.
131-138 (2 pis.), E. Maclagan publishes a badly damaged stucco relief recently
acquired by the Victoria and Albert Museum, which it seems possible to con-
sider a copy moulded from Verrocchio' s now lost bronze representing the head
of Alexander. Even in its fragmentary condition one may see that it is a
much stronger, abler type of work than is the marble relief of "Scipio" in the
Louvre. The latter is undoubtedly a later imitation of either one of the stucco
casts of the bronze or the bronze itself. The Darius, a companion piece to
the Alexander head, probably inspired Leonardo's drawing of the head of a
warrior (in the British Museum).

An Early English Embroidery.— In Burl. Mag. XXXIX, 1921, pp. 9-10
(fig.), Mrs. A. Christie publishes an early fourteenth century embroidered
representation of the Crucifixion recently acquired by the Victoria and Albert
Museum. It probably once formed the front of a burse.

Roman Drinking Glasses.— In Burl. Mag. XXXIX, 1921, p. 9 (fig.), P.
Ganz publishes an ancient glass (from the Engel Gros collection) found in 1883
at Boulogne in the so-called " lower town." Engraved groups of figures upon
the glass represent scenes from the life of Christ. A similar goblet found at
Cologne is in the Sloane collection of the British Museum. Both belong to
the Christian Roman period, showing the primitive barbaric style of the art
of the Roman legions of North Africa and Syria in the fourth and fifth cen-
turies A.D.

Notes on Diirer.— In Burl. Mag. XXXIX, 1921, pp. 177-184 (2 pis.), C.
Dodgson publishes a small painted portrait (owned by Mr. S. Wilensky),
which he identifies as the work of Diirer. L. Justi finds that the head fits into
Durer's scheme of proportions. A second attribution to Diirer consists of a
leaf of the Netherlands sketch book lately acquired by the British Museum.
It represents still life objects, furniture and jugs.

A Panel of the Crucifixion.— In Burl. Mag. XXXIX, 1921, pp. 53-54 (pi.),

124 AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ARCHAEOLOGY [Vol. XXVI, 1922

T. Borenius publishes an important thirteenth century painting of the Cru-
cifixion belonging to Mr. Henry Harris. It is of special interest as showing the
old Byzantine tradition beginning to be affected by contact with the influence
of Giotto.

A Copy of a Rembrandt.— In Burl. Mag. XXXIX, 1921, pp. 18-23 (4 figs.),
A. Bredius publishes a painting of an elderly man (belonging to the author
of the article) which is such masterly work and so closely similar to paintings
by Rembrandt that it is believed to be a copy by Ferdinand Bol after a lost
Rembrandt.

A Florentine Predella.— In Burl. Mag. XXXIX, 1921, p. 154 (pi.), T.
Borenius writes on a hitherto unpublished predella, owned by M. Bernard
d'Hendecourt, which is important because of its large size and fine artistic
quality. The iconography is very unusual. The style suggests as its author
Compagno di Agnolo.

A Portrait by Holbein. — A portrait of a man recently discovered in England,
which may be assigned to the early period (about 1517) of Hans Holbein the
younger is published by P. Ganz in Burl. Mag. XXXVIII, 1921, pp. 210-221
(pi.). The portrait was probably painted at Lucerne and very likely repre-
sents Jacob von Hertenstein, the powerful protector of the artist.

An Italian Wooden Statuette.— In Burl. Mag. XXXIX, 1921, p. 157 (pi.),
E. Maclagan publishes a wooden statuette of the Virgin and Child recently
acquired by Mr. Henry Harris. The work probably belongs to the Sienese
school of the fifteenth century. The French Gothic influence, which is so
evident in it, probably came both directly and indirectly, through the school
of the Pisani.

UNITED STATES

BOSTON. — A Catalonian Fresco. — A Byzantine fresco recently acquired
by the Museum of Fine Arts is announced in the B. Mus> F. A. XIX, 1921,
p. 59 (fig.). The fresco comes from the apse of the small Romanesque church
of Sta. Maria de Mur in Catalonia.

Twelfth Century Intaglios.— In B. Mus. F. A. XIX, 1921, pp. 54-56 (6
figs.), B. I. Gilman describes an unusually interesting set of engravings re-
cently acquired by the Museum of Fine Arts. They were made in 1863 from
the copper intaglios that decorate the twelfth century Corona Lucis in the
cathedral at Aix-la-Chapelle.

CAMBRIDGE.— A Crucifixion by Fra Angelico — In Burl Mag. XXXIX,
1921, pp. 209-210 (3 pis.), T. Borenius publishes a Crucifixion lately acquired
by the Fogg Art Museum. It is an important example of the work of Fra
Angelico, dating, probably, from the middle of the fifteenth century. Its
closest parallel is offered by the Crucifixion in the Louvre. The Dominican
kneeling at the foot of the cross is probably to be identified as Juan de Torque-
mada.

Acquisitions of the Fogg Museum. — In Art in America, X, 1921, pp. 43-45
(6 figs.), F. M. Perkins publishes two paintings recently acquired by the Fogg
Art Museum. The first of these is an Ascension by the artist whom Siren has
christened " Maestro del Bambino Vispo." The correctness of the attribu-
tion is evidenced by a comparison with a painting by that master in the John-
son collection and with some examples of his art recently acquired by the Bos-

Christian Art] ARCHAEOLOGICAL NEWS, 1921 125

ton Museum of Fine Arts. The second Fogg Museum painting represents the
Nativity and is by Bieci di Lorenzo.

CHICAGO. — Niccold di Pietro Gerini. — In Art in America, IX, 1921, pp.
148-155 and 233-240 (4 figs.), R. Offner describes two groups of the Madonna
and Child (one in the Martin A. Ryerson collection, Chicago, the other in the
Boston Museum of Fine Arts), which are attributed to Niccold di Pietro Gerini.
He also gives a chronological list of other works attributable to this artist.

NEW YORK. — Two Constantinopolitan Paintings. — Two paintings of the
Madonna in New York collections (one belonging to Otto Kahn, the other to
Carl Hamilton) form the basis of B. Berenson's study in Dedalo, II, 1921, pp.
285-304 (2 pis.; 11 figs.) of mediaeval painting in Constantinople as contrasted
with that of Italy. The author admits that the study falls outside his own field
and that his conclusions rest in some measure upon personal intuitions rather
than upon certain proofs. Nevertheless, he gives a number of reasons. In
the first place, he argues that the work could not have been done elsewhere
than in Constantinople. Siren's attribution of one of the panels to Cavallini
is untenable, and Cimabue, Duccio, and others are out of the question. It
was only in Constantinople that such perfected technique, such splendid color,
such mosaic-like effects were attained in mediaeval painting. The two exam-
ples are clearly by the same master and must belong to the twelfth century.
They come from Spain, where they were probably taken after the conquest of
Constantinople.

A Portrait by Rogier van der Weyden. — In Art in America, IX, 1921, p.
188 (fig.), M. J. Friedlander publishes a hitherto almost unknown portrait
of a man recently acquired by Mr. Michael Dreicer, New York, which is at-
tributed to van der Weyden. As is usual in this artist's work, the head is ex-
pressive of severe, earnest piety.

An Unpublished Painting by Titian.— In Art in America, IX, 1921, pp. 223-
225 (pi.), F. M. Perkins publishes a painting in the Blumenthal collection,
New York, which has long been attributed to Titian. The author concurs
with this attribution but disagrees with the subject usually assigned to the
painting; he believes that it represents Adonis rather than Diana.

A Portrait by Botticelli.— In Art in America, X, 1921, pp. 26-30 (fig.), B.
Berenson publishes a portrait of a young man in the collection of Mr. Carl W.
Hamilton, New York, which he attributes to Botticelli and describes as more
"Botticellian than any other Botticelli in existence " (Fig. 6).

Sculpture by Giovanni Pisano.— In B. Metr. Mus, XVI, 1921, pp. 145-146
(3 figs.), J. B. publishes a new accession of the Metropolitan Museum, a pilas-
ter with the symbols of three evangelists. This, along with the two pilasters
with angels blowing trumpets acquired a few years ago, seems to have come
from a pulpit parapet by Giovanni Pisano, probably the famous pulpit made •
between 1301 and 1310 for the Duomo of Pisa.

Early Christian Gold Glass.— In B. Metr. Mus. XVI, 1921, pp. 170-175 (3
figs.), C. L. A. describes the representative collection of fourteen pieces of
Early Christian gold glass which has come into the possession of the Metropoli-
tan Museum during the last few years. The designs etched in the gold, of
interest iconographically rather than artistically, include profane as well as
religious subjects.

A Tondo by Luca della Robbia — In B. Metr. Mus. XVI, 1921, pp. 224-225

126 AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ARCHAEOLOGY [Vol. XXVI, 1922

(fig.), J. B. describes an enameled terra-cotta tondo of Prudence by Luca della
Robbia, which was recently bought by the Metropolitan Museum. This tondo
is among those which Professor Marquand has suggested may have been
originally designed for the Pazzi Chapel of S. Croce, Florence.

Mediaeval Sculptures. — Among the recent additions to the mediaeval col-
lections of the Metropolitan Museum are two examples of French mid-twelfth

Figure 6. — Portrait of a Young
Man: New York.

(FROM ART IN AMERICA.)

century work, a stone column-statue representing a king of Judah and a capital
with scenes from the Temptation of Christ. In contrast to the naturalism
and liveliness here combined with the earlier Romanesque decorative quality, a
second capital, belonging to the late eleventh century, exhibits that decorative
quality without the naturalism. The exact provenance of none of these sculp-
tures is known. (J. B., B. Metr. Mus. XVI, 1921, pp 48-52; 3 figs.)

A Painting by Pieter Bruegel the Elder.— A painting of the Harvesters,
lately acquired by the Metropolitan Museum as a work of the school of Bruegel
the Elder is discussed by B. B. in B. Metr. Mus. XVI, 1921, pp. 96-103 (5 figs.).
The style of the work leads to the conjucture that it might be the work of
Pieter Bruegel himself, and a thorough cleaning has revealed a signature which
proves the validity of this conjecture. The picture undoubtedly belonged
with a series representing the months, some of which are now in the Kunsthis-
torisches Hof museum, Vienna.

Renaissance Stained Glass. — Two windows of Flemish sixteenth century
workmanship recently acquired by the Metropolitan Museum are published
by J. B. in B. Metr. Mus. XVI, 1921, pp. 46-47 (2 figs.). The work represents

Christian Art] ARCHAEOLOGICAL NEWS, 1921 127

the transition between the mosaic glass of the Gothic period and the trans-
lucent panes of the High Renaissance.

Mantegna's Risen Christ.— In B. Metr. Mus. XVI, 1921, pp. 77-80 (3 figs.),
W. M. I., Jr. publishes a print of Mantegna's engraving of the Risen Christ re-
cently acquired by the Metropolitan Museum. The print is entirely different
from others one sees of this plate. Apparently it is the only one that has sur-
vived from the perfect state of the plate; others lack its fine finish.

A Sculpture by Juliot. — A characteristic work by Jacques Julio t the Elder
recently acquired by the Metropolitan Museum is published in B. Metr. Mus.
XVI, 1921, pp. 135-136 (fig.). The relief, representing the Dormition of the
Virgin, is to be dated about 1550; it shows the late development of the school
of Troyes in the period of transition from Gothic to Renaissance.

A Triptych by Andrea di Vanni. — In Art in America, IX, 1921, pp. 180-188
<pl.), F. M. Perkins publishes a portable triptych belonging to Ex-Senator
Clark, New York, which is signed by Andrea di Vanni. It is of particular
interest because it is clearly one of the earliest works so far known as unmis-
takably by Vanni, and it is also one of the finest. Its date must fall in the dec-
.ade between 1375 and 1385.

A Work by the Master of the Marble Madonnas. — In Art in America, X,
1921, pp. 39-40 (fig.), S. Rubinstein publishes a relief of a Madonna and Child
in the Mortimer Schiff collection, New York, which she attributes, on the basis
of its similarity to works published in an earlier study (see Art in America,
April, 1919, pp. 104-110), to the Master of the Marble Madonnas.

A Painting by Hans Suess.— In B. Metr. Mus. XVI, 1921, pp. 133-134, it
is announced that the Metropolitan Museum has purchased a painting of the
Ascension by Hans Suess, better known as Hans Kulmbach, a pupil and assis-
tant of Durer. The composition resembles that of a woodcut of the subject
in Diirer's Little Passion, 1509-1511.

Italian Laces.— In B. Metr. Mus. XVI, 1921, pp. 29-32 (2 figs.) F. M.
describes some of the early Italian laces and altar cloths which have recently
come to the Metropolitan Museum from the collection of Madame Ida Schiff.

English Furniture.— In B. Metr. Mus. XVI, 1921, pp. 146-151 (5 figs.),
M. R. R. describes examples of English oak furniture recently acquired by the
Metropolitan Museum. They range in date from the fourteenth century to
the seventeenth.

PHILADELPHIA.— A Pair of Donors by Jan Provost.— M. J. Friedlander's
attribution of the portrait of a donor in the Johnson collection to Jan Provost
as opposed to Berenson's attribution of the same to Andrea Solario is substan-
tiated by G. Ring's publication in Art in America, X, 1921, pp. 16-20 (2 figs.)
of the figure of a donatrix in an Italian private collection. The latter painting
is clearly the companion piece of the donor's portrait; the size, general arrange-
ment, and, particularly, the distinctive backgrounds fit together perfectly.
Doubt of the northern origin of the female portrait is impossible, and all the
characteristics of the work of Jan Provost are plainly seen in it. The two
portraits must have originally formed parts of a large altar piece.

PROVIDENCE. — A Madonna by Andrea Pisano. — In Art in America, IX,
1921, pp. 225-232 (3 figs.), R. van Marle publishes a marble statuette of the
Madonna and Child recently acquired by the Rhode Island School of Design
at Providence. The author attributes it to Andrea Pisano and conjectures
that it was probably executed to stand above Andrea's bronze door of the
Florentine baptistry.

128 AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ARCHAEOLOGY [Vol. XXVI, 1922:

AMERICAN ARCHAEOLOGY

GENERAL AND MISCELLANEOUS

RECENT PUBLICATIONS.— Pueblo Bonito by George H. Pepper {An-
thropological Papers, American Museum of Natural History, N. Y '., XXVII,
1920, 398 pp.; 12 pis., colored; 155 figs.) is a complete and exhaustive treatise
based on explorations between 1896 and 1899, during which time 198 rooms in
this extensive pueblo, the most important in northwestern New Mexico, were
excavated. Full technical descriptions of the finds are of special importance
in characterizing the culture of the ancient inhabitants. The building stood
five stories high, and contained twice as many rooms as have been excavated.
Its length was 667 feet. The masonry is partly rubble, partly ornamented
mosaic. Every type of pueblo architecture is exhibited, the structure having,
grown by accumulation of population. A Golden Breastplate from Cuzco,
Peru, is by M. H. Saville {Indian Notes and Monographs, 1921, 8 pp.; 2 pis.).
String Records of the Northwest, by J. D. Leechman and M. R. Harrington,
ibid. 1921 (64 pp.; 6 pis.; fig.), deals with the custom of keeping biographical
records by means of knots tied in strings. The paper is illustrated by speci-
mens from southern British Columbia and from Washington. These records
correspond only roughly to the "quipu" system, well known in South America,
which is based on a numerical, not a chronological principle. Material Cul-
ture of the Menomini, by A. B. Skinner, ibid. 1921 (478 pp.; 107 pis.; 74 figs.),
is the most comprehensive recent volume on any Algonkian people. Skin-
ner treats the culture of the Menomini inhabiting Wisconsin in systematic
order: Religion, Social Organization, Societies, Housing, Dress, Food and its
preparation, Means of Transportation, Handicraft, Archaeology and Ethno-
geography . He advances some new speculations on Algonkian ethnical relation-
ships and describes some hitherto unrecorded ethnological features. From
every point of view the work, as the outcome of studies among the Menomini
extending over eleven years, is a standard reference to the culture of the Cen-
tral Algonkian. Other recent publications are 'The Cultural Transformation
of the Copper Eskimo,' by Diamond Jenness, Geographical Review, XI, 1921,
pp. 541-550 (fig.) and Ethnology of the Kwakinth based on data collected by
George Hunt, by Franz Boas, Part 2 {35th Annual Report, Bureau of American
Ethnology, 1913-14). This, the second part, now completes the exhaustive
treatment of Kwakinth archaeo-ethnology. The texts and translations deal
with Social Divisions, Family Histories, Songs, and conclude with addenda.

Abbreviations] ARCHAEOLOGICAL NEWS, 1921 129

ABBREVIATIONS

Abh.: Abhandlungen. Allg. Ztg.: Miinchener Allgemeine Zeitung. Alt.
Or.: Der alte Orient. Am. Anthr.: American Anthropologist. A. J. A.: Ameri-
can Journal of Archaeology. A. J. Num.: American Journal of Numismatics.

A. J. Sem. Lang.: American Journal of Semitic Languages and Literature.
Ami d. Mon.: Ami des Monuments. Ant. Denk.: An tike Denkmaler. Ann.
Arch. Anth.: Annals of Archaeology and Anthropology. Ann. Scuol. It. At.:
Annuario della r. Scuola Archeologica di Atene e delle Missioni Italiane in
Oriente. Ant. J.: The Antiquaries Journal. Arch. Anz.: Archaologischer
Anzeiger. 'Apx- AeXr. : 'ApxcuoXoyi/coi' AeXriov. 'Apx- 'E<£. : 'ApxcuoXoyLKp
'E^juepts. Arch. Rec: Architectural Record. Arch. Rel.: Archiv fur Reli-
gionswissenschaft. Arch. Miss.: Archives de Missions Scientifiques et Litte-
raires. Arch. Stor. Art.: Archivio Storico dell' Arte. Athen.: Athenaeum (pf
London). Ath. Mitt.: Mitteilungen d. d. Archaeol. Instituts, Athen. Abt.

Beitr. Assyr.: Beitrage zur Assyriologie. Ber. Kunsts.: Amtliche Berichte
aus den Preuss. Kunstsammlugen. Berl. Akad.: Preussische Akademie
der Wissenschaften zu Berlin. Berl. Phil. W.: Berliner Philologische Wochen-
schrift. Bill. Stud.: Biblische Studien. Bibl. World: The Biblical World.

B. Soc. Esp.: Boletin de la Sociedad Espanola de Excursiones. Boll. Arte:
Bollettino d'Arte. Boll. Num.: Bollettino Italiano di Numismatica. Bonn.
Jb.: Bonner Jahrbucher: Jahrbucher des Vereins von Altertumsfreunden im
Rheinlande. B.S.A . : Annual of the British School at Athens. B.S.R.: Papers of
the British School at Rome. B. Arch. C. T.: Bulletin Archeologique du Comite
des Travaux hist, et scient. B. Arch. M.: Bulletin Archeol. du Ministere.
B.C.H.: Bulletin de Correspondance HelMnique. B. Cleve. Mus.: Bulletin of the
Cleveland Museum^ of Art. B. Inst. Gen. .-^Bulletin de V Institut National
Genevois. B. Inst. Eg. : Bulletin de lTnstitut Egyptien (Cairo) . B. Metr. Mus. :
Bulletin of the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York. B. Mus. Brux.:
Bulletin des Musses Royaux des arts decoratifs et industriels a Bruxelles.
B. Mus. F. A.: Museum of Fine Arts Bulletin, Boston. B. N. Y. Hist. Soc:
New York Historical Society Quarterly Bulletin. B. Num.: Bulletin de Num-
ismatique. B. R. I. Des.: Bulletin of the Rhode Island School of Design.
B. Soc. Anth.: Bulletin de la Societe d' Anthropologic de Paris. B. Soc. Midi
Fr.: Bulletin de la Societe Archeologique du Midi de la France. B. Com. Rom.:
Bullettino d. Commissione Archeologica Comunale di Roma. B. Arch. Crist.:
Bullettino di Archeologia Cristiana. B. Pal. It.: Bullettino di Paletnologia
Italiana. Burl. Mag.: Burlington Magazine. B. Soc. Ant. Fr.: Bulletin de la
Societe* des Antiquaires de France. Byz. Z.: Byzantinische Zeitschrift.

Chron. Arts: Chronique des Arts. CI. Phil.: Classical Philology. CI. R.:
Classical Review. C. R. Acad. Insc: Comptes Rendus de TAcademie des
Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres. C.I. A.: Corpus Inscriptionum Atticarum.
C.I.G.: Corpus Inscriptionum Graecarum. C.I.L.: Corpus Inscriptionum
Latinarum. C.I.S.: Corpus Inscriptionum Semiticarum. Cron. B. A.: Cron-
aca delle Belle Arti.

Eph. Ep.: Ephemeris Epigraphica. Eph. Sem. Ep. : Ephemeris fur Semitische
Epigraphik. Exp. Times: The Expository Times.

Gaz. B.-A.: Gazette des Beaux- Arts. G.D.I. : Sammlung der griechischen
Dialekt-Inschrif ten .

Ind. Notes: Indian Notes and Monographs. J. G.: Inscriptiones Graecae (for
contents and numbering of volumes, cf. A.J.A. IX, 1905, pp. 96-97). I.G.A.:
Inscriptiones Graecae Antiquissimae, ed. Roehl. I.G. Arg.: Inscriptiones
Graecae Argolidis. /. G. Ins.: Inscriptiones Graecarum Insularum. I.G.
Sept.: Inscriptiones Graeciae Septentrionalis. I.G. Sic. It.: Inscriptiones
Graecae Siciliae et Italiae.

Jb. Arch. I.: Jahrbuch d. d. Archaol. Instituts. Jb. Kl. Alt.: Neue Jahrbii-
cher fur das klassische Altertum, Geschichte und deutsche Litteratur und
fur Padagogik. Jb. Kunsth. Samm.: Jahrbuch der Kunsthistorischen Sam-
mlungen des allerhochsten Kaiserhauses. Jb. Phil. Pad.: Neue Jahrbucher
fur Philologie und Padagogik (Fleckeisen's Jahrbucher). Jb. Preuss. Kunsts.:
Jahrbuch d. Preuss. Kunstsammlungen. Jh. Oest. Arch. I.: Jahreshefte des
oesterreichischen Archaologischen Instituts. J. Asiat.: Journal Asiatique.
10

130 AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ARCHAEOLOGY [Vol. XXVI, 1922

J.A.O.S.: Journal of the American Oriental Society. J. B. Archaeol.: Jour-
nal of the British Archaeological Association. J. B. Archit.: Journal of the
Royal Institute of British Architects. J. Bibl. Lit.: Journal of Biblical Litera-
ture. J.E.A.: Journal of Egyptian Archaeology. J.H.S.: Journal of Hellenic
Studies. J. Int. Arch. Num.: AlWvtis 'E^juepis rrjs vo(Xi(TixaTLKrjs apx^okoylas,
Journal international d'archeologie numismatique (Athens). J.R.S.: Journal
of Roman Studies.

Kunstchr.: Kunstchronik.

Mb. Num. Ges. Wien.: Monatsblatt der Numismatischen Gesellschaft in
Wien. Mh. f. Kunstw.: Monatshefte fur Kunstwissenschaft. Mel. Arch.
Hist.: Melanges d' Archeologie et d'Histoire (of French School in Rome). Mel.
Fac. Or.: Melanges de la Faculte Orientale, Beirut. M. Inst. Gen.: Memoires
de Flnstitut Genevois. M. Am. Acad. Rome: Memoirs of the American Acad-
emy in Rome. M. Soc. Ant. Fr.: Memoires de la Societe des Antiquaires de
France. Mitt. Anth. Ges.: Mitteilugen der anthropologischen Gesellschaft in
Wien. Mitt. Or. Ges.: Mitteilungen der deutschen Orient-Gesellschaft. Mitt.
Pal. V.: Mitteilungen und Nachrichten des deutschen Palestina-Vereins. Mitt.
Vorderas. Ges.: Mitteilungen der vorderasiatischen Gesellschaft. Mon. Ant.:
Monumenti Antichi (of Accad. d. Lincei). Mon. Piot: Monuments et Memoires
pub. par F Acad, des Inscriptions, etc. (Fondation Piot.) Mun. Akad.: Bay-
erische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Munchen. Mun. Jb. Bild. K.: Munchner
Jahrbuch der bildenden Kunst. Mus. J.: The Museum Journal of the Univer-
sity of Pennsylvania.

N.D. Alt.: Nachrichten uber deutsche Altertumskunde. Not. Arch.: Noti-
ziario Archeologico. Not. Scav.: Notizie degli Scavi di Antichitd. Num.
Chron.: Numismatic Chronicle. Num. Notes: Numismatic Notes and Mono-
graphs. Num. Z.: Numismatische Zeitschrift. N.Arch. Ven.: Nuovo Archivio
Veneto. N. Bull. Arch. Crist.: Nuovo Bullettino di Archeologia cristiana.

Or. Lit.: Orientalistische Literaturzeitung. Or. Lux: Ex Oriente Lux.

Pal. Ex. Fund: Quarterly Statement of the Palestine Exploration Fund.
HpdKTiKa'. UpaKTLKa rrjs tv 'Afl^j/cus apx<uo\oy wris eratpetas. Proc. Soc. Ant.:
Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries.

Rass. oV Arte: Rassegna d'Arte. R. Tr. Eg. Assyr.: Recueil de travaux re-
latifs a la philologie et a Parcheologie egyptiennes et assyriennes. Rend. Ace.
Lincei: Rendiconti d. r. Accademia dei Lincei. Rep. f. K.: Repertorium fur
Kunstwissenschaft. R. Assoc. Bare: Revista de la Associacion artistico-
arqueologico Barcelonesa. R. Arch. Bibl. Mus.: Revista di Archivos Bibliote-
cas, y Museos. R. Arch.: Revue Archeologique. R. Art. Anc. Mod.: Revue
de l'Art ancien et moderne. R. Art Chret.: Revue de l'Art Chretien. R.
Beige Num.: Revue Beige de Numismatique. R. Bibl.: Revue Biblique In-
ternationale. R.^Ep. Revue Epigraphique. R. 6t. Anc: Revue des Etudes
Anciennes. R. Et. Gr.: Revue des Etudes Grecques. R. Et. G.: Revue des
Etudes Juives. R. Hist. Rel.: Revue de THistoire des Religions. R. Num.:
Revue Numismatique. R. Or. Lat.: Revue de TOrient Latin. R. Sem.: Revue
Semitique. R. Suisse Num.: Revue Suisse de Numismatique. Rh. Mus.:
Rheinisches Museum fur Philologie, Neue Folge. R. Abruzz.: Rivista Abruz-
zesa di Scienze, Lettere ed Arte. R. Ital. Num.: Rivista Italiana Numismatica.
R. Stor. Ant.: Rivista di Storia Antica. R. Stor. Calabr.: Rivista Storica Cal-
abrese. R. Stor. Ital.: Rivista Storica Italiana. Rom.-Germ.Forsch.: Bericht
liber die Fortschritte der Romisch-Germanischen Forschung. Rbm.-Germ.
Kb.: Romisch-Germanisches Korrespondenzblatt. Rom Mitt.: Mitteilungen
d. d. Archaol. Instituts, Rom. Abt. Rom. Quart.: Romische Quartalschrift fur
christliche Altertumskunde und fur Kirchengeschichte.

Sachs. Ges.: Sachsische Gesellschaft (Leipsic). Sitzb.: Sitzungsberichte.
S. Bibl. Arch.: Society of Biblical Archaeology, Proceedings.

W. kl. Phil.: Wochenschrift fur klassische Philologie.

Z. D. Pal. V.: Zeitschrift des Deutschen Palastina-Vereins. Z. Aeg. Sp. Alt. :
Zeitschrift fur Aegyptische Sprache und Altertumskunde. Z. Alttest. Wiss.:
Zeitschrift fur Alttestamentliche Wissenschaft. Z. Assyr.: Zeitschrift fur
Assyriologie. Z. Bild. K.: Zeitschrift fur Bildende Kunst. Z. Ethn.: Zeit-
schrift fur Ethnologie. Z. Morgenl.: Wiener Zeitschrift fur die Kunde des
Morgenlands. Z. Morgenl. Ges.: Zeitschrift der deutschen Morgenlandschen
Gesellschaft. Z. Mun. Alt.: Zeitschrift des Miinchener Alterthumsvereins.
Z. Num.: Zeitschrift fur Numismatik.